Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study of the Antioxidant Defense System in Schizophrenia
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress associated with impaired metabolism of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is one of the brain-imaging techniques that can quantitatively measure bioactive substances such as GSH in the intact human brain. Four different measurement sequences including double quantum coherence (DQC) filtering, MEscher-GArwood Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS), Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM), and PRESS have been used to evaluate the 1 H-MRS measurement of GSH in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Although the results of these studies were somewhat diverse, a negative correlation between brain GSH levels and the severity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients suggests that increasing the brain GSH levels might be beneficial for schizophrenia patients with negative symptoms. Moreover, a recent double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that add-on of N -acetyl- l -cysteine (NAC), a precursor of GSH, to antipsychotics improved the negative symptoms and reduced the side effects (akathisia) in patients with chronic schizophrenia. MRS study of the antioxidant defense system in schizophrenia still remains in the infantile stage; future studies are needed to examine the brain GSH level before and after NAC treatment, and thereby to provide direct evidence of the induced production of GSH in the living brain. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 2057–2065.
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Copy number variants and polymorphisms within GST genes may be susceptibility factors for schizophrenia.
“Evidence that copy number variants and polymorphisms within glutathione-s-transferase (GST) genes may be susceptibility factors for schizophrenia has also been revealed 45 .”
From Linking early-life NMDAR hypofunction and oxidative stress in schizophrenia pathogenesis (2016) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Matsuzawa, D., & Hashimoto, K.
- Affiliations
- Chiba University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Hashimoto, Kenji
- Venue
- Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2057-2065
- ISSN
- 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7716
- OpenAlex
- W2021374816
- Cited by
- 79
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22390220)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Sulfur Compounds in Biology
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, glutathione, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, negative symptoms, N-acetylcysteine, 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MEGA-PRESS, akathisia, antipsychotic adverse effects
- MeSH terms
- Ascorbic Acid, Brain, Glutathione, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Schizophrenia
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