The DOI matches its Crossref record; 296 of the 296 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Antioxidants, Redox Signaling, and Pathophysiology in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View
Open accessAbstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a brain disorder that has been intensively studied for over a century; yet, its etiology and multifactorial pathophysiology remain a puzzle. However, significant advances have been made in identifying numerous abnormalities in key biochemical systems. One among these is the antioxidant defense system (AODS) and redox signaling. This review summarizes the findings to date in human studies. The evidence can be broadly clustered into three major themes: perturbations in AODS, relationships between AODS alterations and other systems ( i.e. , membrane structure, immune function, and neurotransmission), and clinical implications. These domains of AODS have been examined in samples from both the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Findings in patients with SZ include decreased nonenzymatic antioxidants, increased lipid peroxides and nitric oxides, and homeostatic imbalance of purine catabolism. Reductions of plasma antioxidant capacity are seen in patients with chronic illness as well as early in the course of SZ. Notably, these data indicate that many AODS alterations are independent of treatment effects. Moreover, there is burgeoning evidence indicating a link among oxidative stress, membrane defects, immune dysfunction, and multineurotransmitter pathologies in SZ. Finally, the body of evidence reviewed herein provides a theoretical rationale for the development of novel treatment approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 2011–2035.
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“and represent a valid animal model, as low brain GSH levels (18,19) and genetic association with GCLM have been reported in schizophrenia (22).”
From Perineuronal nets protect fast-spiking interneurons against oxidative stress (2013) · cites this paper as [19]
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“Reduced antioxidant enzymes are reported in schizophrenic patients (4–8)”
From Prolonged Period of Cortical Plasticity upon Redox Dysregulation in Fast-Spiking Interneurons (2015) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Evidence for oxidative stress has been found in patients with schizophrenia, including increased lipid and protein oxidation in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and post-mortem tissue 36,37 , as well as altered levels of plasma antioxidants (such as vitamins C and E, catalase, GSH and GSH-peroxidase) 36,38 and CSF superoxide dismutase-1 levels 39 .”
From Linking early-life NMDAR hypofunction and oxidative stress in schizophrenia pathogenesis (2016) · cites this paper as [38]
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Perineuronal nets protect fast-spiking interneurons against oxidative stress
Cabungcal, J.-H., Steullet, P., Morishita, H., Kraftsik, R., Cuenod, M., Hensch, T. K., & Do, K. Q. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1300454110 · Cited by 512
Altering the course of schizophrenia: progress and perspectives
Millan, M. J., Andrieux, A., Bartzokis, G., Cadenhead, K., Dazzan, P., Fusar-Poli, P., Gallinat, J., Giedd, J., Grayson, D. R., Heinrichs, M., et al. (2016) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.28 · Cited by 516
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress—A Causative Factor and Therapeutic Target in Many Diseases
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yao, J. K., & Keshavan, M. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yao, Jeffrey K.
- Venue
- Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2011-2035
- ISSN
- 1523-0864 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7716
- PMC
- PMC3159108
- OpenAlex
- W2063765492
- Cited by
- 285
- References
- 296
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Antioxidants and Redox Signaling (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Office of Research and Development (MH58141)
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-58141, R01MH045203, MH45203, R01MH058141)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, antioxidant defense, redox signaling, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, purine catabolism, plasma antioxidant capacity, membrane structure, immune dysfunction, neurotransmission, schizophrenia pathophysiology, novel treatment approaches
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Blood Proteins, Cell Membrane, Glutathione, Humans, Inflammation, Synaptic Transmission, Nitric Oxide, Oxidation-Reduction, Schizophrenia, Signal Transduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Neurotransmitter Agents, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Metabolism
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