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Longitudinal Follow-Up of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Outcome at Two, Five, and Ten Years Post-Injury
Abstract
The deleterious consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) impair capacity to return to many avenues of pre-morbid life. However, there has been limited longitudinal research examining outcome beyond five years post-injury. The aim of this study was to examine aspects of function, previously shown to be affected following TBI, over a span of 10 years. One hundred and forty one patients with TBI were assessed at two, five, and 10 years post-injury using the Structured Outcome Questionnaire. Fatigue and balance problems were the most common neurological symptoms, with reported rates decreasing only slightly during the 10-year period. Mobility outcomes were good in more than 75% of patients, with few participants requiring aids for mobility. Changes in cognitive, communication, behavioral, and emotional functions were reported by approximately 60% of the sample at all time points. Levels of independence in activities of daily living were high during the 10-year period, and as many as 70% of subjects returned to driving. Nevertheless, approximately 40% of patients required more support than before their injury. Only half the sample returned to previous leisure activities and fewer than half were employed at each assessment time post-injury. Although marital status remained stable over time, approximately 30% of participants reported difficulties in personal relationships. Older age at injury did not substantially alter the pattern of changes over time, except in employment. Ove…
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“there is a high frequency (approximately 60%) of comorbid cognitive and emotional difficulties after ABI”
From A single-case experimental evaluation of a new group-based intervention to enhance adjustment to life with acquired brain injury: VaLiANT (valued living after neurological trauma) (2022) · cites this paper as Ponsford et al., 2014
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Item-Level Psychometrics of the Glasgow Outcome Scale
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ponsford, J. L., Downing, M. G., Olver, J., Ponsford, M., Acher, R., Carty, M., & Spitz, G.
- Affiliations
- Epworth Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ponsford, Jennie L.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurotrauma
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-77
- ISSN
- 0897-7151 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9042
- OpenAlex
- W1976527985
- Cited by
- 621
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 18.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurotrauma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Transport Accident Commission
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, long-term outcomes, fatigue, balance problems, mobility (physical function), cognitive function, communication, activities of daily living, return to driving, employment, leisure, marital relationships, age at injury, rehabilitation
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain Injuries, Cognition, Disability Evaluation, Emotions, Employment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Injury Severity Score, Treatment Outcome, Recovery of Function, Young Adult
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