The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Outcome at Two, Five, and Ten Years Post-Injury
Abstract
The deleterious consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) impair capacity to return to many avenues of pre-morbid life. However, there has been limited longitudinal research examining outcome beyond five years post-injury. The aim of this study was to examine aspects of function, previously shown to be affected following TBI, over a span of 10 years. One hundred and forty one patients with TBI were assessed at two, five, and 10 years post-injury using the Structured Outcome Questionnaire. Fatigue and balance problems were the most common neurological symptoms, with reported rates decreasing only slightly during the 10-year period. Mobility outcomes were good in more than 75% of patients, with few participants requiring aids for mobility. Changes in cognitive, communication, behavioral, and emotional functions were reported by approximately 60% of the sample at all time points. Levels of independence in activities of daily living were high during the 10-year period, and as many as 70% of subjects returned to driving. Nevertheless, approximately 40% of patients required more support than before their injury. Only half the sample returned to previous leisure activities and fewer than half were employed at each assessment time post-injury. Although marital status remained stable over time, approximately 30% of participants reported difficulties in personal relationships. Older age at injury did not substantially alter the pattern of changes over time, except in employment. Ove…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“there is a high frequency (approximately 60%) of comorbid cognitive and emotional difficulties after ABI”
From A single-case experimental evaluation of a new group-based intervention to enhance adjustment to life with acquired brain injury: VaLiANT (valued living after neurological trauma) (2022) · cites this paper as Ponsford et al., 2014
Citations
Cites
Hoofien, A. D. (2001) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990501300005659 · Cited by 623
Late outcome of very severe blunt head trauma: a 10-15 year second follow-up.
Thomsen, I. V. (1984) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.47.3.260 · Cited by 582
The five year outcome of severe blunt head injury: a relative's view.
Brooks, N. H., Campsie, L. M., Symington, C., Beattie, A., & McKinlay, W. W. (1986) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.49.7.764 · Cited by 579
Teasdale, G. M., Pettigrew, L. E. L., Wilson, L., Murray, G. D., & Jennett, B. (1998) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.587 · Cited by 563
Outcome following traumatic brain injury: a comparison between 2 and 5 years after injury
OLVER, J. H., PONSFORD, J. L., & CURRAN, C. A. (1996) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990596123945 · Cited by 503
Self-citationNeuropsychological outcome at 1-year post head injury.
DIKMEN, S. S., Machamer, J., Winn, H. R., & Temkin, N. R. (1995) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.9.1.80 · Cited by 464
Dikmen, S. S., Machamer, J. E., Powell, J. M., & Temkin, N. R. (2003) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00287-9 · Cited by 457
van der Naalt, J., van Zomeren, A. H., Sluiter, W. J., & Minderhoud, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.66.2.207 · Cited by 440
Rates of symptom reporting following traumatic brain injury
DIKMEN, S. S., Machamer, J., Fann, J. R., & Temkin, N. R. (2010) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617710000196 · Cited by 381
Psychiatric Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Their Nature and Frequency
Whelan-Goodinson, R., Ponsford, J., Johnston, L., & Grant, F. (2009) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e3181a712aa · Cited by 310
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Thomsen I.V., 1992, Scand. J. Rehabil. Med. Suppl., 26, 142
- Sloan S., 2012, Traumatic Brain Injury: Rehabilitation for Everyday Adaptive Living, 99
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 624
Psychological and cognitive correlates of suicidal ideation following traumatic brain injury
Carmichael, J. J., Samiotis, A., Andrews, K., Carminati, J.-Y. J., Johnston, L., Spitz, G., Gould, K. R., & Ponsford, J. L. (2025) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617725101471 · Cited by 1
Self-citationNikolaisen, M., Arntzen, C., Eliassen, M., Forslund, L., Andreassen, H., & Gramstad, A. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13894-0 · Cited by 1
Mcdonald, S., Wearne, T. A., Wallis, K., Newby, J. M., Grant, S., Gertler, P., & Simpson, G. K. (2026) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2026.2634399 · Cited by 1
Towards a framework of coping following severe traumatic brain injury: a grounded theory study
Powell, J. (2026) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2026.2637194 · Cited by 1
Jubinville, W., Bottari, C. L., Ducharme, R., Thibault, G., Wagner, V., & Roy, L. (2026) · International Journal on Homelessness · doi:10.5206/ijoh.2026.2.24247 · Cited by 1
Carrier, S. L., Wong, D., Emery, H., Gertler, P., Simpson, G. K., Zuber, O., Ownsworth, T., McDonald, S., Douglas, J. M., Wearne, T. A., et al. (2026) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2026.2664193 · Cited by 1
Tenhoeve, S. A., Shoraka, O., Kasem, R. A., Brown, J., Gautam, D., Larkin, E., Wandvik, C., Danehower, S., Sieg, E. P., Abecassis, I. J., et al. (2026) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000004073 · Cited by 1
Hicks, A. J., Clay, F. J., Hopwood, M., Jayaram, M., Batty, R. A., & Ponsford, J. L. (2017) · The JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003430 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSleep Disorders After Traumatic Brain Injury
Valko, P. O., & Baumann, C. R. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00099-4 · Cited by 1
Armstrong, E., Rai, T., Hersh, D., Thompson, S., Coffin, J., Ciccone, N., Flicker, L. A., Cadilhac, D. A.-M., Godecke, E., Woods, D., et al. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06800-0 · Cited by 1
VanSolkema, M., McCann, C., Barker-Collo, S. L., & Foster, A. (2022) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2022.2147552 · Cited by 1
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Argentine Children’s Orientation and Amnesia Test
Dorrego, M. F., Colbert, A. M., Ewing‐Cobbs, L., & Andreu, M. F. (2025) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2025.2478505 · Cited by 1
Carmichael, J. J., Fernando, D., Ponsford, J. L., Spitz, G., Hicks, A. J., Johnston, L., & Gould, K. R. (2025) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2025.2556743 · Cited by 1
Self-citationChew, K. A., Fraser, E. E., Chau, T., Brokenshire, C., Persson, P., Cazanis, A., Carminati, J.-Y. J., Bain, M., Davidson, J., West, D., et al. (2025) · Brain Impairment · doi:10.1071/ib24143 · Cited by 1
Self-citationNovel Metabolic Substrates for Feeding the Injured Brain
White, H. T., Krüger, P., & Venkatesh, B. (2017) · Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51908-1_27 · Cited by 1
Winter, L., Moriarty, H., & Robinson, K. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00190 · Cited by 1
Ouellet, M., Beaulieu‐Bonneau, S., Savard, J., & Morin, C. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811316-5.00001-x · Cited by 1
Communication after traumatic brain injury
Agrela, N., Santos, M. E., & Guerreiro, S. (2020) · Journal of Interactional Research in Communication Disorders · doi:10.1558/jircd.38533 · Cited by 1
The Application of Neuroimaging to the Evaluation of Cognitive Rehabilitation in TBI
Chiaravalloti, N. D., Weber, E., & Dobryakova, E. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48382-1_5 · Cited by 1
Cummins, T. L. (2018) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) · Cited by 1
Visual strategies underpinning social cognition in traumatic brain injury
Greene, L. (2019) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00320 · Cited by 1
Abstractband zur 20. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Aphasieforschung und -behandlung (GAB)
Rose, M., MacDonald, S., Peitz, D., Schumann‐Werner, B., Hußmann, K., Chen, H., Radermacher, I., Binkofski, F., Huber, W., Willmes, K., et al. (2021) · Neurologie & Rehabilitation · doi:10.14624/nr21s1001 · Cited by 1
Editorial: Traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder: from neurobiology to treatment
Kelly, J. P., Lewine, J. D., & Tanev, K. S. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1560177 · Cited by 1
Predictors of long-term outcome after severe traumatic brain injury
Ulfarsson, T. (2013) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Fine morphological alterations during brain injury and recovery analyzed with intravital microscopy
Kislin, M. (2015) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Recuperação das vítimas de lesão axonial difusa e fatores associados
Vieira, R. D. C. A. (2015) · doi:10.11606/t.7.2015.tde-13052015-105652
Larsen, J. D. (2014) · ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)
Zaninotto, A. L. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2016.tde-06102016-095056
Allen, J. M. (2016) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Family members’ needs and experiences related to driving disruption following acquired brain injury
Liang, P. (2016) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2016.953
Paiva, W. S., & Paulo, S. (2016)
Tibbles, A. (2017) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Neuro-Rehabilitation Program Treatment
Pepping, M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800258-2.00013-x
Schöni, D., Lauber, L., Fung, C., Goldberg, J., Müri, R. M., Raabe, A., Nyffeler, T., & Beck, J. (2018) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.205
Design of a low-cost MRI compatible plantarflexion force measurement device
Allexandre, D., Androwis, G. J., Saleh, S., Benony, B., & Yue, G. H. (2018) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8513374
Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Telehealth Alternative for Veterans
Dickman, J. (2018) · IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri–St. Louis)
Odgaard, L., Harsløf, I., & Stubbs, P. W. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7346-6_7
The inter-rater reliability of the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment tool after brain surgery
Galloway, A., Killan, E. C., & McHugh, G. A. (2019) · International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation · doi:10.12968/ijtr.2018.0135
Boulos, M. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Savary, M., Lesage, J., & Michallet, B. (2020) · Revue de psychoéducation · doi:10.7202/1070057ar
Perez, H., & Perez, O. H. (2018)
Inpatient Rehabilitation for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Process and Content
Zarshenas, S. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Hickey, E. (2020) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · doi:10.34961/8021
Mitchell, E., Philips, N., Ahern, E., McGettrick, G., Mockler, D., Fitzpatrick, K., & Trépel, D. (2021) · HRB Open Research · doi:10.12688/hrbopenres.13196.1
Exploring the fear-avoidance model after brain injury
Wijenberg, M. (2021) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20210705mw
Phillips, N., Ahern, E., Mockler, D., McGettrick, G., Fitzpatrick, K., & Trépel, D. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-268623/v1
Traumatic Brain Injury: The Acute Management and Prevention Programmes
Griffin, C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108644594.005
Hickey, M. A. (2020) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Bruijel, J. (2021) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20211201jb
Criteria for Prioritizing Best Practices to Implement in Cognitive Rehabilitation
Poulin, V., Pellerin, M., Lamontagne, M., Viau‐Guay, A., Ouellet, M., Jean, A., & Nicole, M. (2022) · Global Implementation Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/s43477-022-00041-8
„Sretni smo poslije svakog tog zooma“
Klepo, I., Bartolac, A., Ščurić, I., Dubroja, I., Blažinčić, V., Levanić, D., Dilber, K., & Tršinski, D. (2022) · Hrvatska revija za rehabilitacijska istraživanja · doi:10.31299/hrri.58.1.2
Sommeil, fatigue, troubles du sommeil et troubles cognitifs
Ouellet, M., Beaulieu‐Bonneau, S., Savard, J., & Morin, C. M. (2021) · De Boeck Supérieur eBooks · doi:10.3917/dbu.azouv.2021.01.0153
This is test MS 21 Feb 2023 (Preprint)Preprint
Account, D. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.46396
Miao, M., Rietdijk, R., Power, E., Brunner, M., Debono, D. S., & Togher, L. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.46400
Gedächtnis- und Orientierungshilfen
Thäßler, T. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64118-7_32
Memory for social media images following traumatic brain injury
Lord, K. M., Zimmerman, J., Duff, M. C., & Brown‐Schmidt, S. (2023) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2023.2272902
Blattmann, J., Lotz, F., & Huber, M. (2023) · International Journal of Health Professions · doi:10.2478/ijhp-2023-0013
Røe, C., Borgen, I. M. H., Fure, S. C. R., Forslund, M. V., Kleffelgård, I., Anđelić, N., Løvstad, M., & Hauger, S. L. (2024) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2024.2304855
de Araújo, A. V. L. (2023) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2023.tde-27032024-142136
Mustafa, A. F. M., Mukmin, L. A., Mazlan, M. Z., Ghani, A. R. I., Hassan, W. M. N. W., & Hassan, M. H. (2024) · Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.21315/mjms2024.31.2.12
Adapting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study
Fisher, L. B., Curreri, A. J., Hull, S., Tuchman, S., Cetinkaya, D., Nyer, M., Rose Luehrs, B. S., ZAFONTE, R. D., & Pedrelli, P. (2024) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2024.04.003
Kognitive und soziale Kommunikationsstörungen
Büttner-Kunert, J. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66957-0_16
Mascialino, G., Perrin, P. B., Arango‐Lasprilla, J. C., Watson, J. D., Rodríguez‐Lorenzana, A., & Paz, C. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13237169
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-5747-1
MacDonald, E. E., Pellerine, L. P., Miller, K., Frayne, R. J., & O'Brien, M. W. (2024) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2024.1427446
Wedege, P., Mæland, S., Divanoglou, A., Hamre, C., & Abrahamsen, F. E. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health & Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2025.2494358
Schwarb, H. D., Dulas, M. R., Patel, N. N., Bouton, N. A., Cohen, N. J., & Duff, M. C. (2025) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109157
Laurie, K., Gustafsson, L. A., Foster, M. M., & Borg, D. N. (2025) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2025.2513047
Empathy in Adults with Acquired Brain Injury: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Clements, E., Naragon‐Gainey, K., Weinborn, M., Pestell, C., Neumann, D. M., Preece, D. A., & Becerra, R. (2025) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-025-09667-5
Ornstein, T. J., Cuevas, E. S., O’Hagan Maire, L., O’Hagan, M. L., & Pejic, S. R. (2025) · Insights on the Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.29328/journal.ida.1001043
WITHDRAWNPreprint
(2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/48p6b_v2
Lepage, C., Koerte, I. K., Schultz, V., Coleman, M. J., & Shenton, M. E. (2020) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0047_update_001
Zaninotto, A. L., Macruz, F., Feltrin, F. S., Andrade, C. S., Leite, C. C., Guirado, V. M. D. P., Paiva, W. S., & Sylvain Bouix, A. (2025) · Neurotrauma Reports · doi:10.1089/neur.2024.0149
Tate, R. L., & Simpson, G. K. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197525456.013.0047
Psychological and Cognitive Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Following Traumatic Brain InjuryPreprint
Carmichael, J. J., Samiotis, A., Andrews, K., Carminati, J.-Y. J., Johnston, L., Spitz, G., Gould, K. R., & Ponsford, J. L. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/48p6b_v3
Self-citationWei, A., Peng, Q., Zheng, X., & Li, Y. (2025) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108451
Samiotis, A., Carmichael, J. J., Carminati, J.-Y. J., Hicks, A. J., Ponsford, J. L., Gould, K. R., & Spitz, G. (2026) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2026.2674222
Self-citationSun, D., Chen, K., Liang, D., Gui, Y., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2025.110562
What factors influence return to work after major traumatic injury?
Downing, M. G., O’Kearney, E., Ross, P., McKenzie, D. P., & Ponsford, J. L. (2025) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2025.2586560
Self-citationKusec, A., Methley, A. M., Murphy, F. C., Peers, P. V., Carmona-Cejudo, E., & Manly, T. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26603980
Chew, K. A., Ponsford, J. L., & Gould, K. R. (2026) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2025.2605158
Self-citationWorking with Adults with Acquired Brain Injury
Gilbertson, Z., & Henson, A. (2026) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003294238
Does mental fatigue influence the accuracy of paralympic boccia players?
da Silva, D. F., Costa, A. D. S., Fortes, L. D. S., & Oliveira, S. F. D. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1724991
Severe traumatic brain injury: non-military patients’ essential need for behavioural healthcare
Tolentino, R. H., Patel, D., Yeung, M., Schuenke, M. D., Sholl, M., & Gugliucci, M. R. (2026) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2025-269121
Ellul, B., McNamara, A., Baetu, I., Jenkinson, M., & Collins‐Praino, L. E. (2026) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2025.2611053
Bedekar, Y., Ponsford, J. L., Downing, M. G., Barclay, L., & Ross, P. (2026) · Brain Impairment · doi:10.1071/ib25057
Self-citationHögsnes, M., Grim, K., Udo, C., Landstedt, E., & Ullsten, A. (2026) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2026.2654063
Behn, N., Cruice, M. N., Hilari, K., Togher, L., Johnson, F., & Kellar, I. (2026) · International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders · doi:10.1111/1460-6984.70238 · Cited by 1
Anđelić, N., Lu, J., Fure, S. C. R., Brunborg, C., Løvstad, M., ROE, C. A., & Howe, E. I. (2026) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2026.2654829
Metadata
- Authors
- Ponsford, J. L., Downing, M. G., Olver, J., Ponsford, M., Acher, R., Carty, M., & Spitz, G.
- Affiliations
- Epworth Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ponsford, Jennie L.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurotrauma
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-77
- ISSN
- 0897-7151 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9042
- OpenAlex
- W1976527985
- Cited by
- 621
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 18.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurotrauma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Transport Accident Commission
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, long-term outcomes, fatigue, balance problems, mobility (physical function), cognitive function, communication, activities of daily living, return to driving, employment, leisure, marital relationships, age at injury, rehabilitation
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain Injuries, Cognition, Disability Evaluation, Emotions, Employment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Injury Severity Score, Treatment Outcome, Recovery of Function, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review