The STEDMAN project: biophysical, biochemical and metabolic effects of a behavioral weight loss intervention during weight loss, maintenance, and regain
Open accessAbstract
The Study of the Effects of Diet on Metabolism and Nutrition (STEDMAN) Project uses comprehensive metabolic profiling to probe biochemical mechanisms of weight loss in humans. Measurements at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks, 6 and 12 months included diet, body composition, metabolic rate, hormones, and 80 intermediary metabolites measured by mass spectrometry. In 27 obese adults in a behavioral weight loss intervention, median weight decreased 13.9 lb over the first 6 months, then reverted towards baseline by 12 months. Insulin resistance (HOMA) was partially ameliorated in the first 6 months and showed sustained improvement at 12 months despite weight regain. Ghrelin increased with weight loss and reverted to baseline, whereas leptin and PYY fell at 6 months and remained persistently low. NPY levels did not change. Factors possibly contributing to sustained improvement in insulin sensitivity despite weight regain include adiponectin (increased by 12 months), IGF-1 (increased during weight loss and continued to increase during weight regain), and visceral fat (fell at 6 months but did not change thereafter). We observed a persistent reduction in free fatty acids, branched chain amino acids, and related metabolites that may contribute to improved insulin action. These findings provide evidence for sustained benefits of weight loss in obese humans and insights into mechanisms.
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Human studies report increased plasma acylcarnitine levels in association with insulin resistance and diabetes.
“Human studies have also reported increased plasma acylcarnitine levels in association with insulin resistance and diabetes [1,37,52,64].”
From Intramuscular triacylglycerol and insulin resistance: guilty as charged or wrongly accused? (2010) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Lien, L. F., Haqq, A. M., Arlotto, M., Slentz, C. A., Muehlbauer, M. J., McMahon, R. L., Rochon, J., Gallup, D., Bain, J. R., Ilkayeva, O., Wenner, B. R., Stevens, R. D., Millington, D. S., Muoio, D. M., Butler, M. D., Newgard, C. B., & Svetkey, L. P.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-35
- ISSN
- 1536-2310 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8100
- PMC
- PMC2678563
- OpenAlex
- W2026855997
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- OMICS A Journal of Integrative Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- National Institutes of Health (5k23rr021979-02)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL068734)
- National Center for Research Resources (1K23-RR-021979, K23-RR-021979)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- behavioral weight loss, weight regain, obesity, insulin resistance, HOMA, ghrelin, leptin, peptide YY, neuropeptide Y, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor I, visceral fat, free fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, intermediary metabolites, metabolite profiling, metabolic rate, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Behavior Therapy, Body Weight, Diet, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Middle Aged, Neuropeptide Y, Obesity, Biomarkers, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Peptide YY, Leptin, Adiponectin, Ghrelin
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