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Cited by 175Diet and metabolism studiesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsDietary Effects on Health

Long-term effects of advice to consume a high-protein, low-fat diet, rather than a conventional weight-loss diet, in obese adults with Type 2 diabetes: one-year follow-up of a randomised trial

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Brinkworth, G. D., Noakes, M., Parker, B., Foster, P., Clifton, P. M.·2004·Diabetologia
DOI 10.1007/s00125-004-1511-7
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Abstract

Aims/hypothesis This study compared the long-term weight loss and health outcomes at 1-year follow-up, after a 12-week intensive intervention consisting of two low-fat, weight-loss diets, which differed in protein content.Methods We randomly assigned 66 obese patients (BMI: 27-40 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes to either a low-protein (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate) or high-protein diet (30% protein, 40% carbohydrate) for 8 weeks of energy restriction (approximately 6.7 MJ/day) and 4 weeks of energy balance. Subjects were asked to maintain the same dietary pattern for a further 12 months of follow-up.Results The study was completed by 38 of the subjects, with equal dropouts in each group. At Week 64, weight reductions against baseline were -2.2+/-1.1 kg (low protein) and -3.7+/-1.0 kg (high protein), p<0.01, with no diet effect. Fat mass was not different from baseline in either group. At Week 12, both diets reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6 and 3 mm Hg respectively, but blood pressure increased more with weight regain during follow-up in the low-protein group (p< or =0.04). At Week 64, both diets significantly increased HDL cholesterol and lowered C-reactive protein concentrations. There was no difference in the urinary urea : creatinine ratio at baseline between the two groups, but this ratio increased at Week 12 (in the high-protein group only, p<0.001, diet effect), remaining stable during follow-up in both diets.Conclusions/interpretation A high-protein weight-reduction diet may in the long term have a more favourable cardiovascular risk profile than a low-protein diet with similar weight reduction in people with type 2 diabetes.

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Authors
Brinkworth, G. D., Noakes, M., Parker, B., Foster, P., & Clifton, P. M.
Affiliations
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
Corresponding author
Clifton, P. M.
ORCID
Venue
Diabetologia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-10
Volume
47
Issue
10
Pages
1677-1686
ISSN
  • 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/s00125-004-1511-7
OpenAlex
W2026319499
Cited by
175
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
FWCI
5.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
Keywords
high-protein diet, low-fat diet, type 2 diabetes, obesity, weight loss, caloric restriction, weight regain, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, C-reactive protein, cardiovascular risk, dietary protein
MeSH terms
Adipose Tissue, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Diet, Diabetic, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Proteins, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Diet, Protein-Restricted, Diabetes Complications

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