The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Teratoma Formation by Human Embryonic Stem Cells Is Site Dependent and Enhanced by the Presence of Matrigel
Abstract
When implanted into immunodeficient mice, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) give rise to teratoma, tumor-like formations containing tissues belonging to all three germ layers. The ability to form teratoma is a sine qua non characteristic of pluripotent stem cells. However, limited data are available regarding the effects of implantation site and the methods employed for implantation on the success rate of teratoma formation. In this study, the rate of teratoma formation in immunodeficient mice was site dependent: subcutaneous (25-100%), intratesticular (60%), intramuscular (12.5%), and under the kidney capsule (100%). Co-injecting the hESCs with Matrigel increased subcutaneous teratoma formation efficiency from 25-40% to 80-100%. We did not observe site-specific differences in the teratoma composition at the histological level. However, subcutaneous teratomas were quite distinct, easy to remove, and caused minimal discomfort to the mice. Also, subcutaneous teratomas displayed larger proportion of solid tissues as opposed to cyst formation that dominated the teratomas formed at the other sites. Interestingly, a chromosomally abnormal hESCs with trisomy 20 formed teratomas where the ratio of differentiated to undifferentiated tissues was significantly decreased suggesting defective pluripotency of the cells. In conclusion, subcutaneous implantation of hESCs in presence of Matrigel appears to be the most efficient, reproducible, and the easiest approach for teratoma formation by hESCs. Also, teratoma formation can be employed to study the development defects exhibited by the chromosomally abnormal hESC lines.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Matrigel: Basement membrane matrix with biological activity
Kleinman, H. K., & Martin, G. R. (2005) · Seminars in Cancer Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2005.05.004 · Cited by 1,673
Control of adhesion-dependent cell survival by focal adhesion kinase.
Frisch, S. M., Vuori, K., Ruoslahti, E., & Chan-Hui, P. Y. (1996) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.134.3.793 · Cited by 1,109
Derivation of Embryonic Stem-Cell Lines from Human Blastocysts
Cowan, C. A., Klimanskaya, I., McMahon, J., Atienza, J., Witmyer, J., Zucker, J. P., Wang, S., Morton, C. C., McMahon, A. P., Powers, D., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsr040330 · Cited by 964
Immunosurgery of mouse blastocyst.
Solter, D., & Knowles, B. B. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.12.5099 · Cited by 664
Adaptation to culture of human embryonic stem cells and oncogenesis in vivo
Baker, D. E. C., Harrison, N. J., Maltby, E., Smith, K., Moore, H. D., Shaw, P. J., Heath, P. R., Holden, H., & Andrews, P. W. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1285 · Cited by 636
Generation of Functional Human Hepatic Endoderm From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Sullivan, G. J., Hay, D. C., Park, I.-H., Fletcher, J., Hannoun, Z., Payne, C. M., Dalgetty, D., Black, J. R., Ross, J. A., Samuel, K., et al. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23335 · Cited by 445
Spontaneous Testicular Teratomas in an Inbred Strain of Mice
Stevens, L. C., & Little, C. C. (1954) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.40.11.1080 · Cited by 379
Derivation, Characterization, and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Heins, N., Englund, M. C. O., Sjöblom, C., Dahl, U., Tonning, A., Bergh, C., Lindahl, A., Hanson, C., & Semb, H. (2004) · STEM CELLS · doi:10.1634/stemcells.22-3-367 · Cited by 316
A defined glycosaminoglycan-binding substratum for human pluripotent stem cells
Klim, J. R., Li, L., Wrighton, P. J., Piekarczyk, M. S., & Kiessling, L. L. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1532 · Cited by 271
Stojkovic, P., Lako, M., Stewart, R., Przyborski, S., Armstrong, L., Evans, J., Murdoch, A., Strachan, T., & Stojkovic, M. (2005) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.2004-0137 · Cited by 232
Cited by
Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions
Visvader, J. E., & Lindeman, G. J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2499 · Cited by 3,429
The role of YAP transcription coactivator in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation
Lian, I., Kim, J., Okazawa, H., Zhao, J., Zhao, B., Yu, J., Chinnaiyan, A., Israel, M. A., Goldstein, L. S. B., Abujarour, R., et al. (2010) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1903310 · Cited by 745
Generation of Functional Human Hepatic Endoderm From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Sullivan, G. J., Hay, D. C., Park, I.-H., Fletcher, J., Hannoun, Z., Payne, C. M., Dalgetty, D., Black, J. R., Ross, J. A., Samuel, K., et al. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23335 · Cited by 445
Gutierrez-Aranda, I., Ramos-Mejia, V., Bueno, C., Munoz-Lopez, M., Real, P. J., Mácia, A., Sanchez, L., Ligero, G., Garcia-Parez, J. L., & Menendez, P. (2010) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.471 · Cited by 360
A defined glycosaminoglycan-binding substratum for human pluripotent stem cells
Klim, J. R., Li, L., Wrighton, P. J., Piekarczyk, M. S., & Kiessling, L. L. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1532 · Cited by 271
Metadata
- Authors
- Prokhorova, T. A., Harkness, L. M., Frandsen, U., Ditzel, N., Schrøder, H. D., Burns, J. S., & Kassem, M.
- Venue
- Stem Cells and Development
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-54
- ISSN
- 1525-8165 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-3287
- 1557-8534
- OpenAlex
- W2073262404
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 6.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Teratoma Formation by Human Embryonic Stem Cells Is Site Dependent and Enhanced by the Presence of Matrigel. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1089/scd.2007.0266
- The paper
- Prokhorova, T. A., Harkness, L. M., Frandsen, U., Ditzel, N., Schrøder, H. D., Burns, J. S., & Kassem, M. (2009). Teratoma Formation by Human Embryonic Stem Cells Is Site Dependent and Enhanced by the Presence of Matrigel. Stem Cells and Development. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2007.0266
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
