Cited by 112Axon Guidance and Neuronal SignalingNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsSignaling Pathways in Disease

Calcineurin is associated with the cytoskeleton of cultured neurons and has a role in the acquisition of polarity.

Open access
Ferreira, A, Kincaid, R, Kosik, K S·1993·Molecular Biology of the Cell

Abstract

Calcineurin is a calmodulin-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase found in many cell types but most abundant in neurons. To determine its localization in developing neurons, dissociated cultures from embryonic day 15 rat cerebellum were analyzed immunocytochemically after treatment with cytoskeletal-disrupting drugs. During the initial outgrowth of neurites, calcineurin is enriched in growth cones where its localization depends upon the integrity of both microtubules and actin filaments. Treatment with cytochalasin shifts calcineurin from the growth cone to the neurite shaft, and with nocadozole calcineurin translocates to the cell body. Therefore calcineurin is well positioned to mediate interactions between cytoskeletal systems during neurite elongation. By 14 d in culture, when the neurons have developed extensive neuronal contacts and synapses are present, calcineurin is predominantly in the neurite shaft. Incubation of cultured cells with Cyclosporin A or a specific peptide, both of which selectively inhibit calcineurin's phosphatase activity, prevented axonal elongation. Because the microtubule-associated protein tau appears to play a key role in asymmetric neurite elongation, we examined modifications in its phosphorylation state resulting from calcineurin inhibition. In contrast to the normal development of cerebellar macroneurons in which reactivity with the phosphorylation-dependent antibody, tau-1, progressively increases, there was a persistent inhibition of tau-1 reactivity in cells exposed to Cyclosporin A. These findings suggest a role for calcineurin in regulating tau phosphorylation and possibly modulating other steps required for the determination of polarity.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1091/mbc.4.12.1225

Cites

74 of 74 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In developing cerebellar and hippocampal neurons, calcineurin is highly concentrated in growth cones, structures that, like spines, contain a dense network of F-actin.

    “In developing cerebellar (Ferreira et al., 1993) and hippocampal (Halpain et al., 1997) neurons, calcineurin is highly concentrated in growth cones, structures that, like spines, contain a dense network of F-actin.”
  • Actin filaments dynamically regulate growth cone motility during axon elongation, and the calcineurin antagonist cyclosporin A inhibits neurite outgrowth in cultured cerebellar neurons.

    “Actin filaments dynamically regulate growth cone motility during axon elongation (Forscher et al., 1992), and the calcineurin antagonist cyclosporin A was shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth in cultured cerebellar neurons (Ferreira et al., 1993).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ferreira, A., Kincaid, R., & Kosik, K. S.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Venue
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Published
1993-12
Volume
4
Issue
12
Pages
1225-1238
ISSN
  • 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-4586
OpenAlex
W2092619158
Cited by
110
References
74
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ag006601-13, 5r01ns029031-09)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG 06601)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS29031)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
Keywords
calcineurin, neuronal polarity, neurite outgrowth, growth cones, microtubules, F-actin, tau phosphorylation, cyclosporine, cerebellar neurons, axon elongation
MeSH terms
Animals, Calmodulin-Binding Proteins, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Cerebellum, Cytoskeleton, Actin Cytoskeleton, Microtubules, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neurons, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, Phosphorylation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Cytochalasin D, Nocodazole, Neurites, Cyclosporine, Cell Polarity, tau Proteins, Calcineurin, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review