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Body composition as a determinant of energy expenditure: a synthetic review and a proposed general prediction equation
Abstract
Differences in body composition have often been examined in conjunction with measurements of energy expenditure in men and women. Numerous studies during the past decade examined the relationship between resting energy expenditure (REE) and the components of a two-compartment model of composition, namely the fat-free mass (FFM) and the fat mass (FM). A synthetic review of these studies confirms a primary correlation between REE and FFM in adults over a broad range of body weights. A generalized prediction equation is proposed as REE = 370 +/- 21.6 x FFM. This equation explains 65-90% of the variation in REE. Several studies suggest, further, that FFM predicts total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) equally well. An independent contribution by FM to the prediction of either REE or TDEE is not supported for the general population, perhaps reflecting the relative constancy of the absolute FM in nonobese individuals. In the subset of obese women, FM may be a significant predictor.
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“Work carried out on humans suggests the lower critical temperature to be between 22 and 27 8 C 7,8 .”
From Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations (2005) · cites this paper as [8]
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“lean mass strongly determines heat production (metabolic rate) of the body: the greater the muscle mass, the more heat is produced by the body, even in a resting state [75,76].”
From Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models (2018) · cites this paper as [76]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cunningham, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cunningham, JJ
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-12
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 963-969
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1860153958
- Semantic Scholar
- a13f15b9ecdbb876ee3abf2f35af8d9b6f13d77b
- Cited by
- 607
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Keywords
- body composition, resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure, fat-free mass, fat mass, prediction equations, two-compartment model, obesity, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Energy Metabolism, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Models, Biological, Regression Analysis
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