Energy intakes are higher during the luteal phase of ovulatory menstrual cycles
Abstract
We compared energy and macronutrient intakes across the menstrual cycle in participants (n = 42) in a study that assessed the frequency of ovulatory disturbances in regularly cycling vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Women kept daily basal body temperature records for six consecutive menstrual cycles and provided 3-d diet records near the beginning, middle, and end of different cycles. On completion of the study, temperature records were quantitatively analyzed to determine whether cycles were ovulatory, and if so, the date the luteal phase began. Diet records kept near the beginning and end of cycles were matched with temperature analysis results, and women were grouped according to whether the end-of-cycle record was kept during the luteal phase of an ovulatory cycle (group 1, n = 29), or during an anovulatory cycle or before luteal phase onset of a short luteal phase cycle (group 2, n = 13). Group 1 had higher energy intakes during the luteal than during the follicular phase (9.27 +/- 2.69 vs 8.01 +/- 2.36 MJ/d, P < 0.0001), whereas intakes of group 2 did not differ across the cycle (7.91 +/- 2.18 vs 8.20 +/- 1.48 MJ/d, NS). Both groups' macronutrient intakes were similar in records kept near the beginning and end of cycles. Documentation of ovulation is necessary in studies assessing premenopausal women's energy intakes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
During the mid-luteal phase, resting metabolic rates increase while energy intakes are commonly at their highest levels.
“Accordingly, resting metabolic rates increase, while energy intakes are commonly at their highest levels [59,120].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [120]
Cites
Spinal Bone Loss and Ovulatory Disturbances
Prior, J. C., Vigna, Y. M., Schechter, M. T., & Burgess, A. E. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011013231801 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Self-citationHormonal profile of the cycle in 68 normally menstruating women
Landgren, B.-M., Undén, A.-L., & Diczfalusy, E. (1980) · Acta Endocrinologica · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0940089 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
24-hour energy expenditure and the menstrual cycle
Webb, P. (1986) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/44.5.614 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Menstrual cycle and basal metabolic rate in women
Solomon, S., Kurzer, M., & Calloway, D. (1982) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/36.4.611 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Changes in energy expenditure during the menstrual cycle
Bisdee, J. T., James, W. P. T., & Shaw, M. A. (1989) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19890108 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Menstrual cycle and voluntary food intake
Gong, E. J., Garrel, D., & Calloway, D. H. (1989) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/49.2.252 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
The effect of the menstrual cycle on patterns of food intake.
Dalvit, S. P. (1981) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.9.1811 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Reduction of food intake in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle
Lyons, P., Truswell, A. S., Mira, M., Vizzard, J., & Abraham, S. F. (1989) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/49.6.1164 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Variation in energy intake during the menstrual cycle: implications for food-intake research
Lissner, L., Stevens, J., Levitsky, D. A., Rasmussen, K., & Strupp, B. J. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.4.956 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Food intake, body weight, and sweetness preferences over the menstrual cycle in humans
Pliner, P., & Fleming, A. S. (1983) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90240-8 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The effect of the human menstrual cycle on nutrient intake
Dalvit-McPhillips, S. P. (1983) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(83)90120-8 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Menstrual-cycle patterns in energy and macronutrient intake
Tarasuk, V. S., & Beaton, G. H. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.2.442 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Changes in dietary intake, urinary nitrogen, and urinary volume across the menstrual cycle
Fong, A., & Kretsch, M. (1993) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/57.1.43 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Prior, J. C., Vigna, Y. M., Schulzer, M., Hall, J. E., & Bonen, A. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationBarr, S., JANELLE, K. C., & Prior, J. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.6.887 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationMenstrual cycle and food cravings in young college women ,
Tomelleri, R., & Grunewald, K. K. (1987) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)03113-8 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Caloric intake, stress, and menstrual function in athletes
Schweiger, U., Laessle, R. G., Schweiger, M., Herrmann, F., Riedel, W., & Pirke, K. (1988) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59771-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Rationale and design of the Beltsville one-year dietary intake study
Mertz, W., & Kelsay, J. (1984) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/40.6.1323a · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A study of dietary intake in pre- and post-menstrual period.
Manocha, S., Choudhuri, G., & Tandon, B. N. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Nagata, I., Kato, K., Seki, K., & Furuya, K. (1986) · Journal of Adolescent Health Care · doi:10.1016/s0197-0070(86)80086-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Impact of menstrual periodicity on serum lipid levels and estimates of dietary intakes.
Tangney, C., Brownie, C., & Wu, S. M. (1991) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1991.10718133 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The sexual dimorphism of obesity
Palmer, B. F., & Clegg, D. J. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.029 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Sex differences in the physiology of eating
Asarian, L., & Geary, N. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00446.2012 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Leeners, B., Geary, N., Tobler, P. N., & Asarian, L. (2017) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmw045 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
BUFFENSTEIN, R. (1995) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02003-9 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The ovarian hormone estradiol plays a crucial role in the control of food intake in females
Eckel, L. A. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.04.014 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Ovarian hormones and binge eating: exploring associations in community samples
Klump, K. L., Keel, P. K., Culbert, K. M., & Edler, C. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708002997 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Effect of menstrual cycle phase on corticolimbic brain activation by visual food cues
Frank, T. C., Kim, G. L., Krzemien, A., & Van Vugt, D. A. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.071 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete
Sims, S. T., Kerksick, C. M., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Janse de Jonge, X. A. K., Hirsch, K. R., Arent, S. M., Hewlings, S. J., Kleiner, S. M., Bustillo, E., Tartar, J. L., et al. (2023) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2204066 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“[121] estimated that free living energy intake increases ~ 300 kcal/day during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in recreationally active females.”
BackgroundFuelling the female athlete: Carbohydrate and protein recommendations
Moore, D. R., Sygo, J., & Morton, J. P. (2022) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1922508 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Astrocytes, emerging stars of energy homeostasis
Camandola, S. (2018) · Cell Stress · doi:10.15698/cst2018.10.157 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Moniz, S. C., McCarthy, S. F., Broad, A. A., Medeiros, P. J., & Hazell, T. J. (2023) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106425 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Barr, S., Janelle, K., & Prior, J.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-43
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2133340534
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, luteal phase, energy intake, macronutrient intake, ovulation, basal body temperature, anovulatory cycles, short luteal phase, vegetarian diet, premenopausal women, dietary records
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anthropometry, Body Temperature, Energy Intake, Diet, Female, Humans, Luteal Phase, Nutritional Status, Ovulation, Diet Records
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
