Effects of supplemental beta-carotene, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on serum carotenoids in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study
Open accessAbstract
We determined whether serum carotenoid or retinol concentrations were altered by beta-carotene supplementation in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study and whether such effects were modified by alcohol consumption or cigarette use. Participants in this substudy were 491 randomly selected men aged 58-76 y from the metropolitan Helsinki study center [237 receiving supplemental beta-carotene (20 mg/d) and 254 not receiving such supplementation]. Dietary carotenoids, retinol, and alcohol, and serum beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and cholesterol were assessed at baseline. After an average of 6.7 y of supplementation, serum was collected and carotenoid, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were determined by HPLC. Serum carotenoid fractions were highly correlated with each other (P < or = 0.0001). Compared with the unsupplemented group, the beta-carotene group had significantly higher serum concentrations of beta-carotene (1483%), alpha-carotene (145%), and beta-cryptoxanthin (67%) (P < or = 0.0001). Retinol concentrations were 6% higher (P = 0.03) and lutein was 11% lower (P = 0.02) in the supplemented group. Serum lycopene, zeaxanthin, and alpha-tocopherol did not differ according to beta-carotene-supplementation status. Although these beta-carotene-group differences were not significantly altered by amount of alcohol consumption, higher consumption (> 12.9 g/d, median) was related to lower (10-38%) concentrations of carotenoids, particularly beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin, in both the supplemented and unsupplemented groups. Smoking status did not significantly influence the supplementation-related differences in serum carotenoid and retinol values but concentrations of carotenoids were generally highest in participants who quit smoking while in the study and lowest in current smokers of > or = 20 cigarettes/d. This study showed that serum concentrations of non-beta-carotene carotenoids are altered by long-term beta-carotene supplementation and confirms the adverse effects of alcohol and cigarette smoking on serum carotenoids.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Dietary biomarker concentrations can be altered by genetic factors, physiologic or health status, dietary factors, and lifestyle factors.
“They may be altered because of possible interactions with genetic factors, physiologic or health status (ie, age or obesity) (30), dietary factors such as fats for lipophilic biomarkers (31), and lifestyle factors such as alcohol intake or smoking (32).”
From The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure (2014) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
(1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199404143301501 · Cited by 4,737 · see citing works
Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease
Omenn, G. S., Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Balmes, J., Cullen, M. R., Glass, A., Keogh, J. P., Meyskens, F. L., Valanis, B., Williams, J. H., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605023341802 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease
Solomons, N. W. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.4.643 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
Omenn, G. S., Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Balmes, J., Cullen, M. R., Glass, A., Keogh, J. P., Meyskens, F. L., Valanis, B., Williams, J. H., et al. (1996) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/88.21.1550 · Cited by 1,255 · see citing works
Albanes, D., Heinonen, O. P., Taylor, P. R., Virtamo, J., Edwards, B. K., Rautalahti, M. T., Hartman, A. M., Palmgren, J., Freedman, L. S., Haapakoski, J., et al. (1996) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/88.21.1560 · Cited by 902 · see citing works
Self-citationThe ATBC cancer prevention study group (1994) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)90036-1 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
STRYKER, W. S., Kaplan, L. A., Stein, E. A., Stampfer, M. J., Sober, A. J., & Willett, W. C. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114804 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
REPRODUCIBILITY AND VALIDITY OF DIETARY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS
Pietinen, P., Hartman, A. M., Haapa, E., Räsänen, L., Haapakoski, J., Palmgren, J., Albanes, D., Virtamo, J. R. K., & Huttunen, J. K. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115013 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Self-citationAlbanes, D., Heinonen, O., Huttunen, J., Taylor, P., Virtamo, J., Edwards, B., Haapakoski, J., Rautalahti, M., Hartman, A., & Palmgren, J. (1995) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1427s · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationLutein, lycopene, and their oxidative metabolites in chemoprevention of cancer
Khachik, F., Beecher, G. R., & Smith, J. C. (1995) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.240590830 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and β-carotene supplements in men
Micozzi, M. S., Brown, E., Edwards, B., Bieri, J. G., Taylor, P., Khachik, F., Beecher, G. R., & Smith, J. C. (1992) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/55.6.1120 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationKostic, D., White, W., & Olson, J. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.3.604 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Hess, D., Keller, H., Oberlin, B., Bonfanti, R., & Schüep, W. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Vitamins A, E, and carotene: effects of supplementation on their plasma levels
Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Underwood, B. A., Taylor, J., & Hennekens, C. H. (1983) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/38.4.559 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Carotenoids in Finnish foods: vegetables, fruits, and berries
Heinonen, M. I., Ollilainen, V., Linkola, E., Varo, P., & Koivistoinen, P. E. (1989) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00087a017 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
MILNE, D. B., & Botnen, J. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.5.874 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Effect of alcohol consumption on blood antioxidant nutrients and oxidative stress indicators
Lecomte, E., Herbeth, B., Pirollet, P., et al. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.2.255 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Intake of specific carotenoids and lung cancer risk.
Marchand, L. L., Hankin, J. H., Kolonel, L. N., Beecher, G. R., Wilkens, L. R., & Zhao, L. P. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 186 · see citing works
DETERMINANTS OF PLASMA LEVELS OF BETA-CAROTENE AND RETINOL
Nierenberg, D. W., Stukel, T. A., Baron, J. A., et al. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115365 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Importance of -Carotene, beta-Carotene, and Other Phytochemicals in the Etiology of Lung Cancer
Ziegler, R. G., Colavito, E. A., Hartge, P. A., McAdams, M., Schoenberg, J. B., Mason, T. J., & Fraumeni, J. F. (1996) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/88.9.612 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLASMA CAROTENOIDS TO HEALTH AND BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN MIDDLE-AGED MEN1
Russell-Briefel, R., Bates, M. W., & Kuller, L. H. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114157 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
THE ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH EITHER ALCOHOL-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE OR MYOPATHY
Ward, R. J., & Peters, T. J. (1992) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a045260 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Xu, M. J., Plezia, P. M., Alberts, D. S., Emerson, S. S., Peng, Y. M., Sayers, S. M., Liu, Y., Ritenbaugh, C., & Gensler, H. L. (1992) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/84.20.1559 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Forman, M., Beecher, G. R., Lanza, E., Reichman, M. E., Graubard, B., Campbell, W. S., Marr, T., Yong, L., Judd, J., & Taylor, P. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.1.131 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite, W. S., Stacewicz‐Sapuntzakis, M., Erdman, J. W., & Bowen, P. E. (1994) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1994.10718463 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Interactions between alcohol and β-carotene in patients with alcoholic liver disease
Ahmed, S., Leo, M. A., & Cs, L. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.3.430 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Mobarhan, S. M., Bowen, P. E., Andersen, B. R., Evans, M., Stacewicz‐Sapuntzakis, M., Sugerman, S., Simms, P. E., Lucchesi, D., & Friedman, H. (1990) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635589009514094 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Serum level changes after administration of a pharmacologic dose of beta-carotene
Costantino, J., Kuller, L. H., Begg, L. M., REDMOND, C., & Bates, M. (1988) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/48.5.1277 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Fotouhi, N., Meydani, M., Santos, M., Meydani, S. N., Hennekens, C. H., & Gaziano, J. (1996) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/63.4.553 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Wahlqvist, M., Wattanapenpaiboon, N., Macrae, F. A., et al. (1994) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/60.6.936 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ribaya‐Mercado, J. D., Ordovás, J. M., & Russell, R. M. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.1995.10718550 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Johnson, E., Suter, P., Sahyoun, N. R., Ribaya‐Mercado, J. D., & Russell, R. (1995) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/62.3.598 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Dietary retinol: prevention or promotion of carcinogenesis in humans?
Mayne, S. T., Graham, S., & Zheng, T. (1991) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/bf00054305 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Serum beta-carotene before and after beta-carotene supplementation.
Albanes, D., Virtamo, J. R. K., Rautalahti, M. T., et al. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationGoodman, G. E., Metch, B. J., & Omenn, G. S. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Canthaxanthin and the eye: a critical ocular toxicologic assessment
Geoffrey, B. A., & Felix, M. B. (1991) · Journal of Toxicology Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology · doi:10.3109/15569529109057908 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Mobarhan, S., Shiau, A., Grande, A. G., et al. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Simonetti, P., Brusamolino, A., Pellegrini, N., et al. (1995) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01540.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hoppe, P. P., Chew, B. P., Safer, A., et al. (1996) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/126.1.202 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Carotenoids and retinoids in finnish foods cereal and bakery products
Heinonen, M., Ollilainen, Linkola, E., et al. (1989) · STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Carotenoids and retinoids in finnish foods: Dietary fats
Heinonen, M., Ollilainen, V., Linkola, E., Varo, P., & Koivistoinen, P. E. (1988) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/0889-1575(88)90033-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effect of alcohol intake on lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in blood.
Simonetti, P., Cestaro, B., Porrini, M., et al. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Carotenoids and retinoids in finnish foods: Ready-to-eat foods
Heinonen, M., Ollilainen, V., Linkola, E., Varo, P., & Koivistoinen, P. E. (1988) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/0889-1575(88)90003-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dufossé, L., Galaup, P., Yaron, A., Arad, S. M., Blanc, P., Chidambara Murthy, K. N., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2005) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2005.02.006 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure
Scalbert, A., Brennan, L., Manach, C., Andres-Lacueva, C., Dragsted, L. O., Draper, J., Rappaport, S. M., van der Hooft, J. J., & Wishart, D. S. (2014) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.076133 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology: applications, needs and new horizons
Jenab, M., Slimani, N., Bictash, M., Ferrari, P., & Bingham, S. A. (2009) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0662-5 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
The Effect of Lutein on Eye and Extra-Eye Health
Buscemi, S., Corleo, D., Di Pace, F., Petroni, M. L., Satriano, A., & Marchesini, G. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10091321 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Associations between Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Overview
Carpentier, S., Knaus, M., & Suh, M. (2009) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408390802066979 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Katsuura, S., Imamura, T., Bando, N., & Yamanishi, R. (2009) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200800566 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Lea, L. J., & Hepburn, P. A. (2006) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2006.01.017 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
- Authors
- Albanes, D., Virtamo, J., Taylor, P., Rautalahti, M., Pietinen, P., & Heinonen, O.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Albanes, D
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-08
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 366-372
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101372924
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (1997-12-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01cn045165-030)
- National Cancer Institute (N01 CN 45165)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- beta-carotene supplementation, serum carotenoids, retinol, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, alpha-tocopherol, dietary carotenoids
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Carotenoids, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Placebos, Plants, Toxic, Smoking, Nicotiana, beta Carotene
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review