Cited by 397Body Composition Measurement TechniquesObesity, Physical Activity, DietRace, Genetics, and Society

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Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: a comparative review

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Wagner, Dale R, Heyward, Vivian H·2000·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Abstract

Biological differences exist in the body composition of blacks and whites. We reviewed literature on the differences and similarities between the 2 races relative to fat-free body mass (water, mineral, and protein), fat patterning, and body dimensions and proportions. In general, blacks have a greater bone mineral density and body protein content than do whites, resulting in a greater fat-free body density. Additionally, there are racial differences in the distribution of subcutaneous fat and the length of the limbs relative to the trunk. The possibility that these differences are a result of ethnicity rather than of race is also examined. Because most equations that predict relative body fat were derived from predominantly white samples, biological variation between the races in these body-composition indexes has practical significance. Systematic error can result in the inaccurate estimation of the relative body fat of blacks, and therefore of definitions of obesity, if these inherent differences are ignored.

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Authors: Wagner, D. R., & Heyward, V. H.
Affiliations: Vanguard University (US)
ORCID: Wagner, Dale R
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-06
Volume: 71
Issue: 6
Pages: 1392-1402
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1392
OpenAlex: W1871170274
Cited by: 397
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 5.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 8307 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
Keywords: body composition, racial differences, black and white populations, fat-free mass, bone mineral density, body protein, subcutaneous fat distribution, limb length, body proportions, ethnicity, obesity definition, measurement error
MeSH terms: Body Composition, Body Constitution, Body Water, Humans, Minerals, Proteins, Bone Density, Black People, White People

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Measures of body composition in blacks and whites: a comparative review

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