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Consumption of high doses of chlorogenic acid, present in coffee, or of black tea increases plasma total homocysteine concentrations in humans
Open accessAbstract
Background In population studies, high intakes of coffee are associated with raised concentrations of plasma homocysteine, a predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease. Chlorogenic acid is a major polyphenol in coffee; coffee drinkers consume up to 1 g chlorogenic acid/d. Objective We studied whether chlorogenic acid affects plasma total homocysteine concentrations in humans. For comparison we also studied the effects of black tea rich in polyphenols and of quercetin-3-rutinoside, a major flavonol in tea and apples. Design In this crossover study, 20 healthy men and women ingested 2 g (5.5 mmol) chlorogenic acid, 4 g black tea solids containing approximately 4.3 mmol polyphenols and comparable to approximately 2 L strong black tea, 440 mg (0.7 mmol) quercetin-3-rutinoside, or a placebo daily. Each subject received each of the 4 treatments for 7 d, in random order. Results Total homocysteine in plasma collected 4-5 h after supplement intake was 12% (1.2 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.7) higher after chlorogenic acid and 11% (1.1 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.5) higher after black tea than after placebo. Total homocysteine in fasting plasma collected 20 h after supplement intake was 4% (0.4 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.8) higher after chlorogenic acid and 5% (0.5 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.9) higher after black tea than after placebo. Quercetin-3-rutinoside did not significantly affect homocysteine concentrations. Conclusions Chlorogenic acid, a compound in coffee, and black tea raise total homocysteine concentrations in plasma. Chlorogenic acid could be partly responsible for the higher homocysteine concentrations observed in coffee drinkers. Whether these effects on homocysteine influence cardiovascular disease risk remains to be established.
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“Long-term heavy coffee consumption has been associated with a slightly elevated risk of hypertension,40 and a higher level of plasma homocysteine.41, 42”
From Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
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“As an example, fermentation of broccoli puree determined the hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid into caffeic acid, which is better absorbed than chlorogenic acid itself (Filannino et al. 2015; Olthof et al. 2001).”
Tea and Cardiovascular Diseases
Song, L., Cheung, B. M. Y., Koo, M. W., & Lau, C. (2022) · Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology · doi:10.55503/2790-6744.1101 · Cited by 1
Lee, S., Cho, W., Cho, N.-H., & Shin, C. (2015) · 대한지역사회영양학회지 · doi:10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.4.301 · Cited by 1
“그러나 이러한 커피의 유익한 효과와는 대조적으로, 커피 의 해로운 효과로는 혈압증가[18], 콜레스테롤증가[19, 20], 심혈관질환 위험 생체지표인 homocysteine증가[21], 그 리고 수면방해(수면의 질 저하 또는 불면증)[22] 등도 알려 져 있다.”
Bioavailability of Natural Products
Singab, A. N. B. (2019) · Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal · doi:10.23880/beba-16000137 · Cited by 1
Nutritional Issues of Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Wolinsky, I., Klimis-Zacas, D., & Kalea, A. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781439833377-18 · Cited by 1
The Effects of B-Vitamins, Dietary Bioactive Agents and Functional Foods on Hyperhomocysteinemia
El‐Azim, A. O. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57839-8_18 · Cited by 1
Yovich, J. L., Zaidi, S., Joesbury, K. A., Lee, A. H., & Hinchliffe, P. M. (2019) · Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.31579/2578-8965/018 · Cited by 1
“org PageAnother proposed mechanism by which caffeine causes raised tHcy levels is through the interaction between the hepatic metabolism of homocysteine and O-methylation of polyphenols [25].”
BackgroundCoffee Consumption and the Risk of Cancer and Coronary Heart Disease
Tavani, A., & Vecchia, C. L. (2004) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-415-3_9 · Cited by 1
Miller, A. L., Kelly, G. S., & Tran, J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2333-5.00054-7 · Cited by 1
Consumo e bioproteção de componentes do café à presença de micotoxinas em ratos Wistar
Rocha, J. S. (2011) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Medical importance of dietary betaines
de Zwart, F. J. (2001) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6714
Enzymatic inhibitory activity of hydroxycinnamates (HCs): in silico studies
Serina, J. J. C. (2014) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Rooibos: Effect on Iron Status of South African Adults at Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Marnewick, J. L., Venter, I., Rautenbach, F., Neethling, H., & Kotze, M. J. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.340
The Role of Complementary Vitamins, Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12, in Cardiovascular Disease
Mennen, L. I., Galan, P., & de Bree, A. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420038255-5
Agudelo, G. M., Duque, R. M., & Velásquez, C. (2008)
Aachary, A. A., Thiyam, U., & Eskin, N. A. M. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b11562-13
Metadata
- Authors
- Olthof, M. R., Hollman, P. C., Zock, P. L., & Katan, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Olthof, Margreet R
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 532-538
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2137832364
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- chlorogenic acid, coffee, black tea, homocysteine, plasma homocysteine, polyphenols, rutin, cardiovascular risk, dietary supplementation, flavonols
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chlorogenic Acid, Coffee, Fasting, Female, Flavonoids, Folic Acid, Glucosides, Homocysteine, Humans, Male, Phenols, Polymers, Pyridoxine, Quercetin, Risk Factors, Tea, Vitamin B 12, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period
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