Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in the Netherlands

Hertog, Michaël G. L.; Hollman, Peter C. H.; Katan, Martijn B.; Kromhout, Daan

doi:10.1080/01635589309514267

Cited by 1,216Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNutritional Studies and DietAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in the Netherlands

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Hertog, Michaël G. L., Hollman, Peter C. H., Katan, Martijn B., Kromhout, Daan·1993·Nutrition and Cancer

DOI 10.1080/01635589309514267

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Abstract

Flavonoids are strong antioxidants that occur naturally in foods and can inhibit carcinogenesis in rodents. Accurate data on population-wide intakes of flavonoids are not available. Here, using data of the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 1987-1988, we report the intake of the potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin among 4,112 adults. The flavonoid content of vegetables, fruits, and beverages was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In all subjects, average intake of all flavonoids combined was 23 mg/day. The most important flavonoid was the flavonol quercetin (mean intake 16 mg/day). The most important sources of flavonoids were tea (48% of total intake), onions (29%), and apples (7%). Flavonoid intake did not vary between seasons; it was not correlated with total energy intake (r = 0.001), and it was only weakly correlated with the intake of vitamin A (retinol equivalents, r = 0.14), dietary fiber (r = 0.21), and vitamin C (r = 0.26). Our use of new analytic technology suggests that in the past flavonoid intake has been overestimated fivefold. However, on a milligram-per-day basis, the intake of the antioxidant flavonoids still exceeded that of the antioxidants beta-carotene and vitamin E. Thus flavonoids represent an important source of antioxidants in the human diet.

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Regular intake of anthocyanins (approximately 200 mg per day) may decrease the risk of development of cardiovascular diseases via suppressed oxidative stress and effective radical scavenging, reduced inflammation, and inhibition of endothelial dysfunction.
“Regular intake of anthocyanins (cca 200 mg per day) may decrease the risk of the development of cardiovascular diseases via suppressed oxidative stress and effective radical scavenging, reduced inflammation, and inhibition of endothelial dysfunction (Hertog et al. 1993).”
From Reactive Oxygen Species, Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Chronic Diseases and Aging (2023) · cites this paper as Hertog et al. 1993

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Authors: Hertog, M. G. L., Hollman, P. C. H., Katan, M. B., & Kromhout, D.
Affiliations: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
ORCID: Hollman, Peter C. H.
Venue: Nutrition and Cancer
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1993-01
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 21-29
ISSN: 0163-5581 (ISSN-L)
1532-7914
DOI: 10.1080/01635589309514267
OpenAlex: W2153473625
Cited by: 1,216
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 76
FWCI: 12.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.wur.nl
Locations: Nutrition and Cancer (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords: flavonoids, flavonoid intake, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, luteolin, dietary antioxidants, tea, onion, apple, dietary assessment, vitamin C, dietary fiber, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin E, Dutch adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Diet Surveys, Female, Flavonoids, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Molecular Structure, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Flavonols

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Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in the Netherlands

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