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Consumption of high doses of chlorogenic acid, present in coffee, or of black tea increases plasma total homocysteine concentrations in humans
Open accessAbstract
Background In population studies, high intakes of coffee are associated with raised concentrations of plasma homocysteine, a predictor of risk of cardiovascular disease. Chlorogenic acid is a major polyphenol in coffee; coffee drinkers consume up to 1 g chlorogenic acid/d. Objective We studied whether chlorogenic acid affects plasma total homocysteine concentrations in humans. For comparison we also studied the effects of black tea rich in polyphenols and of quercetin-3-rutinoside, a major flavonol in tea and apples. Design In this crossover study, 20 healthy men and women ingested 2 g (5.5 mmol) chlorogenic acid, 4 g black tea solids containing approximately 4.3 mmol polyphenols and comparable to approximately 2 L strong black tea, 440 mg (0.7 mmol) quercetin-3-rutinoside, or a placebo daily. Each subject received each of the 4 treatments for 7 d, in random order. Results Total homocysteine in plasma collected 4-5 h after supplement intake was 12% (1.2 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.7) higher after chlorogenic acid and 11% (1.1 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.5) higher after black tea than after placebo. Total homocysteine in fasting plasma collected 20 h after supplement intake was 4% (0.4 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.8) higher after chlorogenic acid and 5% (0.5 micromol/L; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.9) higher after black tea than after placebo. Quercetin-3-rutinoside did not significantly affect homocysteine concentrations. Conclusions Chlorogenic acid, a compound in coffee, and black tea raise total homocysteine concentrations in plasma. Chlorogenic acid could be partly responsible for the higher homocysteine concentrations observed in coffee drinkers. Whether these effects on homocysteine influence cardiovascular disease risk remains to be established.
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“Long-term heavy coffee consumption has been associated with a slightly elevated risk of hypertension,40 and a higher level of plasma homocysteine.41, 42”
From Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies (2014) · cites this paper as [42]
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Olthof, M. R., Hollman, P. C., Zock, P. L., & Katan, M. B.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Olthof, Margreet R
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 532-538
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2137832364
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- chlorogenic acid, coffee, black tea, homocysteine, plasma homocysteine, polyphenols, rutin, cardiovascular risk, dietary supplementation, flavonols
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chlorogenic Acid, Coffee, Fasting, Female, Flavonoids, Folic Acid, Glucosides, Homocysteine, Humans, Male, Phenols, Polymers, Pyridoxine, Quercetin, Risk Factors, Tea, Vitamin B 12, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period
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