Dietary patterns and changes in body mass index and waist circumference in adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Obesity has increased > 20% in the past decade in the United States, and more than one-half of US adults are overweight or obese.Objective Our objective was to further elucidate the nutritional etiology of changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and waist circumference by dietary intake pattern. We hypothesized that a healthy dietary pattern would lead to smaller changes in BMI and waist circumference than would other dietary patterns.Design Subjects were 459 healthy men and women participating in the ongoing Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diet was assessed with the use of 7-d dietary records, from which 41 food groups were created and entered into a cluster analysis.Results Five dietary patterns were derived (healthy, white bread, alcohol, sweets, and meat and potatoes). The mean annual change in BMI was 0.30 +/- 0.06 for subjects in the meat-and-potatoes cluster and 0.05 +/- 0.06 for those in the healthy cluster (P < 0.01). The mean annual change in waist circumference was more than 3 times as great for subjects in the white-bread cluster (1.32 +/- 0.29 cm) as for those in the healthy cluster (0.43 +/- 0.27 cm) (P < 0.05).Conclusions Consuming a diet high in fruit, vegetables, reduced-fat dairy, and whole grains and low in red and processed meat, fast food, and soda was associated with smaller gains in BMI and waist circumference. Because foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern research based on natural eating behavior may be useful in understanding dietary causes of obesity and in helping individuals trying to control their weight.
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In human intervention studies, conjugated linoleic acid, especially the trans-10,cis-12 isomer, increases CRP concentration but not cytokine or soluble adhesion molecule concentrations.
“two studies demonstrate that CLA, especially the trans-10, cis-12 isomer, increases CRP concentration, but not the concentrations of cytokines or soluble adhesion molecules (593,594)”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [593]
The two studies showing increased CRP with conjugated linoleic acid provided 2.1 and 2.7 g/d of trans-10,cis-12 CLA.
“The two studies showing increased CRP with CLA provided 2•1 (594) and 2•7 ( 593) g/d of trans-10, cis-12 CLA.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [593]
Obese individuals tend to under-report their dietary intake.
“Obese individuals tend to under-report their dietary intake (42 -45) , but whether the type of under-reporting in the present study is selective under-reporting of certain foods or general under-reporting of all foods is difficult to determine.”
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- Authors
- Newby, P., Muller, D., Hallfrisch, J., Qiao, N., Andres, R., & Tucker, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tucker, Katherine L
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1417-1425
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2132469719
- Cited by
- 524
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 25.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- dietary habits, body mass index, waist circumference, obesity, weight gain, healthy eating, alcohol consumption, sweets consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, whole grains, fast food, soft drinks, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Body Weights and Measures, Diet, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index
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