Cited by 102Diet, Metabolism, and DiseaseObesity, Physical Activity, DietRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

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Sugars, energy metabolism, and body weight control

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Saris, Wim HM·2003·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Abstract

Obesity represents a major threat to health and quality of life. Although obesity has strong genetic determinants, it is generally accepted that it results from an imbalance between food intake and daily physical activity. Health guidelines have been focused on 3 particular lifestyle factors: increased levels of physical activity and reductions in the intakes of fat and sugars. The dietary guidelines, especially, are under debate. This review covers evidence from carefully controlled laboratory studies, clinical trials, studies in populations at high risk of developing obesity, and epidemiologic studies on the role of sugars, particularly sucrose, in the development of obesity. Although many environmental factors promote a positive energy balance, it is clear that the consumption of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet increases the likelihood of weight gain. The evidence related to carbohydrate, particularly sugars, and the type of food (solid or liquid) is less clear because the number of long-term ad libitum dietary intervention trials is very small. Data on sucrose intake in relation to metabolism and weight gain do not associate high consumption of sucrose with the prevalence of obesity. The evidence supports the current dietary guidelines for reducing fat intake. However, the effect of the carbohydrate source and class and of the form in which carbohydrate is consumed (solid or liquid) on body weight control requires further consideration.

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Authors: Saris, W. H.
Affiliations: Maastricht University (NL)
Corresponding author: Saris, Wim HM
ORCID: Saris, Wim HM
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-10
Volume: 78
Issue: 4
Pages: 850S-857S
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/78.4.850s
OpenAlex: W2125063102
Cited by: 102
References: 65
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 1.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 7080 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords: sugar consumption, sucrose, obesity, weight management, energy balance, dietary guidelines, low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, carbohydrate sources, energy metabolism, dietary fat intake
MeSH terms: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Body Weight, Dietary Carbohydrates, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Obesity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Glycemic Index

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