Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms.

Mattes, Richard D; Popkin, Barry M

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26792

Cited by 521Biochemical Analysis and Sensing TechniquesRegulation of Appetite and ObesityDiet, Metabolism, and Disease

Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms.

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Mattes, Richard D, Popkin, Barry M·2009·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26792PMC PMC2650084

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Abstract

Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) are ecologically novel chemosensory signaling compounds that influence ingestive processes and behavior. Only about 15% of the US population aged >2 y ingest NNS, but the incidence is increasing. These sweeteners have the potential to moderate sugar and energy intakes while maintaining diet palatability, but their use has increased in concert with BMI in the population. This association may be coincidental or causal, and either mode of directionality is plausible. A critical review of the literature suggests that the addition of NNS to non-energy-yielding products may heighten appetite, but this is not observed under the more common condition in which NNS is ingested in conjunction with other energy sources. Substitution of NNS for a nutritive sweetener generally elicits incomplete energy compensation, but evidence of long-term efficacy for weight management is not available. The addition of NNS to diets poses no benefit for weight loss or reduced weight gain without energy restriction. There are long-standing and recent concerns that inclusion of NNS in the diet promotes energy intake and contributes to obesity. Most of the purported mechanisms by which this occurs are not supported by the available evidence, although some warrant further consideration. Resolution of this important issue will require long-term randomized controlled trials.

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After FDA approval, low-calorie sweeteners entered the food supply and enabled sweet-tasting foods and beverages with little or no energy.
“The introduction of several low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) into the food supply, following approval by the U.S. FDA, has led to the creation of beverages and foods that taste sweet but provide less or no energy [see (5,6) for reviews].”
From Sweetness and Food Preference (2012) · cites this paper as [6]
The addition of nonnutritive sweeteners to diets poses no benefit for weight loss or reduced weight gain without energy restriction.
“The addition of nonnutritive sweeteners to diets poses no benefit for weight loss or reduced weight gain without energy restriction (238).”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [238]

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[30]Rogers P Blundell J Grenby T Evaluation of the influence of intense sweeteners on the short-term control of appetite and caloric intake: a psychobiological approach Progress in Sweetners London and New York Elsevier Applied Science 1989
[63]Rogers PJ Blundell JE Grenby TH Evaluation of the influence of intense sweeteners on the short-term control of appetite and caloric intake: a psychobiological approach Progress in Sweetners London and New York Elsevier Applied Science 1989

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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
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Perspective
Mattes, R. D. (2016)
Self-citation

Authors: Mattes, R. D., & Popkin, B. M.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author: Popkin, Barry M
ORCID: Mattes, Richard D
Popkin, Barry M
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-01
Volume: 89
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-14
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26792
PMC: PMC2650084
OpenAlex: W2150685626
Cited by: 521
References: 234
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 48
FWCI: 2.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 5166 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
UNC Libraries
Funders: U.S. Department of Agriculture (0172514/INDO0840-55)
EyeSight Foundation of Alabama
World Health Organization
Purdue University
National Institutes of Health (2r24hd050924-06)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK063185)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD039183, R01HD030880, R24 HD-050924, R01HD041375)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Keywords: artificial sweeteners, appetite, dietary intake, energy compensation, weight management, obesity, sweetener substitution, sugar consumption, caloric restriction, chemosensory signaling, body mass index
MeSH terms: Appetite, Energy Intake, Homeostasis, Humans, Obesity, Sweetening Agents, Taste, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index

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Nonnutritive sweetener consumption in humans: effects on appetite and food intake and their putative mechanisms.

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