Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar: effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week period
Open accessAbstract
The long-term physiological effects of refined carbohydrates on appetite and mood remain unclear. Reported effects when subjects are not blind may be due to expectations and have rarely been studied for more than 24 h. The present study compared the effects of supplementary soft drinks added to the diet over 4 weeks on dietary intake, mood and BMI in normal-weight women (n 133). Subjects were categorised as ‘watchers’ or ‘non-watchers’ of what they ate then received sucrose or artificially sweetened drinks (4 × 250 ml per d). Expectancies were varied by labelling drinks ‘sugar’ or ‘diet’ in a counter-balanced design. Sucrose supplements provided 1800 kJ per d and sweetener supplements provided 67 kJ per d. Food intake was measured with a 7 d diary and mood with ten single Likert scales. By 4 weeks, sucrose supplements significantly reduced total carbohydrate intake (F(1,129) = 53·81;P < 0·001), fat (F(2,250) = 33·33;P < 0·001) and protein intake (F(2,250) = 28·04;P < 0·001) compared with sweetener supplements. Mean daily energy intake increased by just under 1000 kJ compared with baseline (t(67 df) = 3·82;P < 0·001) and was associated with a non-significant trend for those receiving sucrose to gain weight. There were no effects on appetite or mood. Neither dietary restraint status as measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire nor the expectancy procedure had effects. Expectancies influenced mood only during baseline week. It is concluded that sucrose satiates, rather than stimulates, appetite or negative mood in normal-weight subjects.
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Clinical trials conducted in healthy adults found that sugar sweetened beverage consumption results in more caloric intake and weight gain than artificially sweetened beverages.
“This hypothesis is confirmed by several clinical trials conducted in healthy adults, which found that sugar sweetened beverage consumption results in more caloric intake and weight gain than artificially sweetened beverages.105 106 107”
From Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Reid, M., Hammersley, R., Hill, A. J., & Skidmore, P.
- Affiliations
- Queen Margaret University (GB)
- Glasgow Caledonian University (GB)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Reid, Marie
- Venue
- British Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 193-203
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- OpenAlex
- W2141902760
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University) (acceptedVersion)
- Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion)
- Queen Margaret University Publications Repository (Queen Margaret University) (submittedVersion)
- Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Essex
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- added sugars, sucrose, appetite, mood, energy intake, dietary restraint, body mass index, normal-weight women, satiety
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Aspartame, Beverages, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Eating, Food Labeling, Humans, Satiation, Sucrose, Sweetening Agents, Time Factors, Weight Loss, Exercise, Diet Records, Linear Models, Single-Blind Method, Diet, Fat-Restricted
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