Legume and soy food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Open accessAbstract
Background It has been postulated that a diet high in legumes may be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). However, data linking type 2 DM risk and legume intake are limited.Objective The objective of the study was to examine the association between legume and soy food consumption and self-reported type 2 DM.Design The study was conducted in a population-based prospective cohort of middle-aged Chinese women. We followed 64,227 women with no history of type 2 DM, cancer, or cardiovascular disease at study recruitment for an average of 4.6 y. Participants completed in-person interviews that collected information on diabetes risk factors, including dietary intake and physical activity in adulthood. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire at the baseline survey and at the first follow-up survey administered 2-3 y after study recruitment.Results We observed an inverse association between quintiles of total legume intake and 3 mutually exclusive legume groups (peanuts, soybeans, and other legumes) and type 2 DM incidence. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of type 2 DM for the upper quintile compared with the lower quintile was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.74) for total legumes and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.62) for soybeans. The association between soy products (other than soy milk) and soy protein consumption (protein derived from soy beans and their products) with type 2 DM was not significant.Conclusions Consumption of legumes, soybeans in particular, was inversely associated with the risk type 2 DM.
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In a prospective cohort of middle-aged Shanghai women, a ~50 g/day increase in legume consumption over 4.6 years reduced T2DM risk by 38% (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.51-0.74).
“In a prospective cohort study of middle-aged Shanghai women, a ~50 gram/day increase in legume consumption over 4.6 years reduced T2DM risk by 38% (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.51–0.74) (237).”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [237]
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Retracted
- Authors
- Villegas, R., Gao, Y.-T., Yang, G., Li, H.-L., Elasy, T. A., Zheng, W., & Shu, X. O.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shu, Xiao Ou
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 162-167
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2361384
- OpenAlex
- W1880301395
- Cited by
- 393
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 23.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA70867, R01CA070867)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, legume consumption, soybean, soy products, soy protein, diabetes prevention, dietary intake, Chinese women, Shanghai Women's Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, China, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Fabaceae, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Nutrition Assessment, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Women's Health, Soy Foods
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