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Cited by 758Nutritional Studies and DietDiet, Metabolism, and DiseaseFatty Acid Research and Health

Diet and risk of type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate

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Hu, F. B., Liu, S., van Dam, R. M.·2001·Diabetologia
DOI 10.1007/s001250100547
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Abstract

Although diet and nutrition are widely believed to play an important part in the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, specific dietary factors have not been clearly defined. Much controversy exists about the relations between the amount and types of dietary fat and carbohydrate and the risk of diabetes. In this article, we review in detail the current evidence regarding the associations between different types of fats and carbohydrates and insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Our findings indicate that a higher intake of polyunsaturated fat and possibly long-chain n-3 fatty acids could be beneficial, whereas a higher intake of saturated fat and trans-fat could adversely affect glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. In dietary practice, exchanging nonhydrogenated polyunsaturated fat for saturated and trans-fatty acids could appreciably reduce risk of Type II diabetes. In addition, a low-glycaemic index diet with a higher amount of fiber and minimally processed whole grain products reduces glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and lowers the risk of Type II diabetes. Dietary recommendations to prevent Type II diabetes should focus more on the quality of fat and carbohydrate in the diet than quantity alone, in addition to balancing total energy intake with expenditure to avoid overweight and obesity.

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  • Increased dietary fat and saturated fat are important in determining obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and glucose intolerance.

    “Nutrient composition, specifically increased amounts of dietary fat and saturated fat are important in determining the development of obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance24.”

    From Pathophysiology and treatment of type 2 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future (2014) · cites this paper as [24]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Bennett P, Knowler W, Baird H, Butler W, Pettitt D, Reid J (1984) Diet and the development of non-insulin-depen- dent diabetes mellitus: an epidemiological perspective. In: Pozza B (ed) Diet, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Ra- ven Press, New York, pp109±119
  2. Trevisan M, Krogh V, Freudenheim J et al. (1990) Con- sumption of olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils and coro- nary heart disease risk factors. The Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council [pub- lished erratum appears in JAMA 1990 Apr;263: 1768] JAMA 263: 688±692

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Authors
Hu, F. B., Liu, S., & van Dam, R. M.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
ORCID
Venue
Diabetologia
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2001-07-01
Volume
44
Issue
7
Pages
805-817
ISSN
  • 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/s001250100547
OpenAlex
W2072224686
Cited by
758
References
82
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 38
FWCI
39.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Rivm (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
Funders
American Diabetes Association
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
type 2 diabetes, dietary fat, dietary carbohydrates, insulin resistance, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, glycemic index, dietary fiber, whole grains, glucose metabolism, diabetes prevention, energy balance, obesity
MeSH terms
Animals, Energy Intake, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Risk Factors

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