A Mediterranean diet supplemented with dairy foods improves markers of cardiovascular risk: results from the MedDairy randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) offers benefits to cardiovascular health but may not meet Western recommendations for calcium and dairy intake, which could impede long-term adoption.Objective The current study aimed to determine the effect of a MedDiet supplemented with dairy foods on cardiovascular risk factors.Design A randomized, controlled, crossover design compared a MedDiet with 3-4 daily servings of dairy (MedDairy) and a low-fat (LF) control diet. Forty-one participants aged ≥45 y and at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were randomly allocated to their first intervention, either the MedDairy or LF diet. Participants followed each intervention for 8 wk, and an 8-wk washout period separated interventions. The primary outcome was home-measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) assessed in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Secondary outcomes included clinic-measured blood pressure (morning), body composition, blood lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma glucose, serum insulin, and the Framingham Risk Score.Results Compared with the LF intervention, the MedDairy intervention resulted in a significantly lower morning SBP (mean difference: -1.6 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2.8, -0.4 mm Hg; P = 0.01), lower morning diastolic blood pressure (mean difference: -1.0; 95% CI: -1.7, -0.2 mm Hg; P = 0.01) and clinic SBP (mean difference: -3.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -6.4, -0.7 mm Hg; P = 0.02), significantly higher HDL cholesterol (mean difference: 0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06 mmol/L; P < 0.01), lower triglycerides (mean difference: = -0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.08, -0.01 mmol/L; P < 0.01), and lower ratio of total to HDL cholesterol (mean difference: -0.4; 95% CI: -0.6, -0.2; P < 0.001). No effects were observed for other outcome measures.Conclusions Following a MedDiet with additional dairy foods led to significant changes in markers of cardiovascular risk over 8 wk. The MedDiet supplemented with dairy may be appropriate for an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors in a population at risk of CVD. This trial was registered at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12616000309482.
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The Australian Mediterranean diet adherence tool has been validated relative to the Mediterranean diet score calculated from a 3-day weighed food record, with r=0.44.
“The Australian Mediterranean diet adherence tool has been validated relative to the Mediterranean diet score calculated from a 3-day weighed food record r=0.44 [26].”
From A Physical Activity and Diet Program Delivered by Artificially Intelligent Virtual Health Coach: Proof-of-Concept Study (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
The degree of behavior change achieved was approximately in line with that reported in previous studies using intensive one-on-one dietary counseling.
“The degree of behavior change achieved was approximately in line with that reported in previous studies using intensive one-on-one dietary counseling [26,42].”
From A Physical Activity and Diet Program Delivered by Artificially Intelligent Virtual Health Coach: Proof-of-Concept Study (2020) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Wade, A. T., Davis, C. R., Dyer, K. A., Hodgson, J. M., Woodman, R. J., & Murphy, K. J.
- Affiliations
- University of South Australia (AU)
- Edith Cowan University (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Murphy, Karen J
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1166-1182
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2897776342
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 6.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Edith Cowan University Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Dairy Australia Research (C100001408)
- Australian Government Research Training Program
- Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- Mediterranean diet, dairy products, cardiovascular risk factors, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, low-fat diet, Framingham risk score, C-reactive protein, insulin, calcium intake, older adults, dietary intervention, serum lipids, body composition, plasma glucose, hypertension prevention, cardiovascular disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Australia, Blood Pressure, Calcium, Dietary, Energy Intake, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dairy Products, Diet, Female, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Cross-Over Studies, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Diet, Mediterranean
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