Public interest in the off-label use of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists (Ozempic) for cosmetic weight loss: a Google trends analysis.
Open accessAbstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists are a drug class used for the treatment of diabetes that have recently gained FDA approval for medical management of obesity. The off-label use of Ozempic (Novo Nordisk, Bagsværd, Denmark), the brand name of the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide, for cosmetic weight loss has been popularized by social media and celebrity influence. The aim of this study was to analyze with Google Trends (Alphabet Inc., Mountain View, CA) the recent search popularity of Ozempic and related GLP-1 agonists. The term “Ozempic” was analyzed with Google Trends. Search popularity was assessed in terms of relative search volume (RSV) over a 5-year period. Changes in RSV were further compared with other GLP-1 agonists, “Wegovy” (Novo NordisK) and “Mounjaro” (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN). Between March 2018 and February 2023, overall RSV in “Ozempic” grew exponentially in the United States. Simple linear regression analysis showed significantly increased RSV over time with an R2 of 0.915 and a regression coefficient of 0.957 (P < .001). When comparing “Ozempic,” “Wegovy,” and “Mounjaro” since June 2021 (FDA approval of Wegovy), Ozempic remained at the greatest RSV. One-way analysis of variance found statistically significant differences between the 3 search terms at all time points between December 2021 and February 2023 (P < .001). This study demonstrates a significant and growing public interest in Ozempic and related GLP-1 agonists. As the use of GLP-1 agonists for weight loss becomes more prevalent, plastic surgeons, particularly in the aesthetic setting, must be prepared for the downstream implications. Increased awareness, understanding, and further scientific studies led by plastic surgeons will help deliver the safest possible patient outcomes. Level of Evidence: 3:
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- Authors
- Han, S. H., Safeek, R., Ockerman, K., Trieu, N., Mars, P., Klenke, A., Furnas, H., & Sorice-Virk, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sorice-Virk, Sarah
- Venue
- Aesthetic Surgery Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2023-07-04
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-67
- ISSN
- 1090-820X (ISSN-L)
- 1527-330X
- OpenAlex
- W4383186133
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 11
- FWCI
- 32.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Aesthetic Surgery Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Social Sciences › Health › Social Media in Health Education
- Keywords
- semaglutide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, off-label drug use, public interest, search volume trends, Wegovy, Mounjaro, obesity treatment, social media influence, celebrity endorsement
- MeSH terms
- Semaglutide, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, United States, Weight Loss, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Off-Label Use, Search Engine
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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