GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Related Mental Health Issues; Insights from a Range of Social Media Platforms Using a Mixed-Methods Approach
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The emergence of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs; semaglutide and others) now promises effective, non-invasive treatment of obesity for individuals with and without diabetes. Social media platforms’ users started promoting semaglutide/Ozempic as a weight-loss treatment, and the associated increase in demand has contributed to an ongoing worldwide shortage of the drug associated with levels of non-prescribed semaglutide intake. Furthermore, recent reports emphasized some GLP-1 RA-associated risks of triggering depression and suicidal thoughts. Consistent with the above, we aimed to assess the possible impact of GLP-1 RAs on mental health as being perceived and discussed in popular open platforms with the help of a mixed-methods approach. Reddit posts yielded 12,136 comments, YouTube videos 14,515, and TikTok videos 17,059, respectively. Out of these posts/entries, most represented matches related to sleep-related issues, including insomnia (n = 620 matches); anxiety (n = 353); depression (n = 204); and mental health issues in general (n = 165). After the initiation of GLP-1 RAs, losing weight was associated with either a marked improvement or, in some cases, a deterioration, in mood; increase/decrease in anxiety/insomnia; and better control of a range of addictive behaviors. The challenges of accessing these medications were a hot topic as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study documenting if and how GLP-1 RAs are perceived as affecting mood, mental health, and behaviors. Establishing a clear cause-and-effect link between metabolic diseases, depression and medications is difficult because of their possible reciprocal relationship, shared underlying mechanisms and individual differences. Further research is needed to better understand the safety profile of these molecules and their putative impact on behavioral and non-behavioral addictions.
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Treatment adherence and long-term success largely depend on motivation, self-efficacy, and body-image perception, which may fluctuate during pharmacologic weight loss.
“Beyond physiological adaptations, treatment adherence and long-term success largely depend on motivation, self-efficacy, and body-image perception, which may fluctuate during pharmacologic weight loss (63).”
From GLP-1 agonists and exercise: the future of lifestyle prioritization (2025) · cites this paper as [63]
The Discussion reports users’ sense of self-efficacy, pride in before-and-after results, and concern about regaining weight after stopping treatment. Results §3.1 also reports that mood could improve or deteriorate with weight loss. Neither section establishes that motivation, self-efficacy, and body-image perception largely determine treatment adherence or long-term success. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredConversations on Reddit regarding GLP-1RAs and their impact on mental health, substance use, and addiction have already begun to be explored using qualitative research on this platform.
“Conversations on Reddit regarding GLP‐1RAs and their impact on mental health, substance use, and addiction have already begun to be explored using qualitative research on this platform [21, 22, 23].”
From A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Experiences Using Semaglutide 2.4 mg for Weight Loss (2025) · cites this paper as [22]
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Burki, T. K. (2022) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(22)00318-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The effect of antiobesity drugs on waist circumference: a mixed treatment comparison
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The burden of suicidal ideation among persons with type II diabetes: A scoping review
Tabb, K. M., Pérez‐Flores, N. J., Wang, Y., & Huang, H. Y. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.10.009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Holborn, T., Schifano, F., & Deluca, P. (2023) · The International journal on drug policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104109 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPublic Perspectives on Anti-Diabetic Drugs: Exploratory Analysis of Twitter Posts
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Depression, Rumination, and Impulsive Action: A Latent Variable Approach to Behavioral Impulsivity
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A Mapping Review of Netnography in Nursing
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ghusn, W., & Hurtado, M. D. (2024) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100127 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Fong, S., Carollo, A., Lazuras, L., Corazza, O., & Esposito, G. (2024) · Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health · doi:10.1016/j.etdah.2024.100157 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
GLP-1 agonists and exercise: the future of lifestyle prioritization
Codella, R., Senesi, P., & Luzi, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare · doi:10.3389/fcdhc.2025.1720794 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Febrey, S., Nunns, M., Buckland, J., Abbott, R., Bethel, A., Whear, R., Boddy, K., Melendez‐Torres, G. J., Coon, J. T., & Shaw, L. (2025) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.70251 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Experiences Using Semaglutide 2.4 mg for Weight Loss
Plenn, E., Amin, D., Henry, J., Leavitt, G., Walker, J., & Soleymani, T. (2025) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.70085 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Arillotta, D., Floresta, G., Guirguis, A., Corkery, J. M., Catalani, V., Martinotti, G., Sensi, S. L., & Schifano, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Hertfordshire (GB)
- University of Chieti-Pescara (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Schifano, Fabrizio
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-10-24
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1503
- ISSN
- 2076-3425 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10669484
- OpenAlex
- W4387903893
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 28
- FWCI
- 16.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (acceptedVersion)
- Cronfa (Swansea University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- internal support of the University of Hertfordshire (GL11101336)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- GLP-1 receptor agonists, semaglutide, Ozempic, obesity treatment, drug shortages, non-prescribed drug use, depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, insomnia, sleep, mental health, social media discourse, Reddit, YouTube, TikTok, addictive behavior, drug safety
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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