The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Motivation: Quality control and preprocessing of FASTQ files are essential to providing clean data for downstream analysis. Traditionally, a different tool is used for each operation, such as quality control, adapter trimming and quality filtering. These tools are often insufficiently fast as most are developed using high-level programming languages (e.g. Python and Java) and provide limited multi-threading support. Reading and loading data multiple times also renders preprocessing slow and I/O inefficient. Results: We developed fastp as an ultra-fast FASTQ preprocessor with useful quality control and data-filtering features. It can perform quality control, adapter trimming, quality filtering, per-read quality pruning and many other operations with a single scan of the FASTQ data. This tool is developed in C++ and has multi-threading support. Based on our evaluation, fastp is 2–5 times faster than other FASTQ preprocessing tools such as Trimmomatic or Cutadapt despite performing far more operations than similar tools. Availability and implementation: The open-source code and corresponding instructions are available at https://github.com/OpenGene/fastp.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“generating ~117.3 Gb of high-quality 150 bp paired-end reads”
From A complete telomere-to-telomere chromosome-level genome assembly of X-ray tetra (Pristella maxillaris) (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data
Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M., & Usadel, B. (2014) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170 · Cited by 65,548
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools
Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Abecasis, G., Durbin, R., & 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 · Cited by 62,041
Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform
Li, H., & Durbin, R. (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp324 · Cited by 58,607
Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2
Langmead, B., & Salzberg, S. L. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1923 · Cited by 56,400
Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads
Martin, M. (2011) · EMBnet.journal · doi:10.14806/ej.17.1.200 · Cited by 33,889
Detecting ultralow-frequency mutations by Duplex Sequencing
Kennedy, S. R., Schmitt, M. W., Fox, E. J., Kohrn, B. F., Salk, J. J., Ahn, E. H., Prindle, M. J., Kuong, K. J., Shen, J.-C., Risques, R.-A., et al. (2014) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2014.170 · Cited by 503 · cited 2×
“It has been adopted by various sequencing methods such as Duplex-Seq (Kennedy et al., 2014) and iDES (Newman et al., 2016).”
Method
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Bianchi, 2015, Noninvasive prenatal testing and incidental detection of occult maternal malignancies, JAMA, 314, 162, 10.1001/jama.2015.7120 · DOI
- Chen, 2017, AfterQC: automatic filtering, trimming, error removing and quality control for fastq data, BMC Bioinformatics, 18, 80, 10.1186/s12859-017-1469-3 · DOI
- Chen, 2018, SOAPnuke: a MapReduce acceleration-supported software for integrated quality control and preprocessing of high-throughput sequencing data, Gigascience, 7, 1, 10.1093/gigascience/gix120 · DOI
- Chiang, 2015, SpeedSeq: ultra-fast personal genome analysis and interpretation, Nat. Methods, 12, 966, 10.1038/nmeth.3505 · DOI
- Esposito, 2017, The emerging role of “Liquid Biopsies,” circulating tumor cells, and circulating cell-free tumor dna in lung cancer diagnosis and identification of resistance mutations, Curr. Oncol. Rep., 19, 10.1007/s11912-017-0564-y · DOI
- Newman, 2016, Integrated digital error suppression for improved detection of circulating tumor DNA, Nat. Biotechnol., 34, 547, 10.1038/nbt.3520 · DOI
- Smith, 2017, UMI-tools: modelling sequencing errors in Unique Molecular Identifiers to improve quantification accuracy, Genome Res., 27, 491, 10.1101/gr.209601.116 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–115 of 115
Di Pierro, F., Sagheddu, V., Galletti, S., Casaroli, A., Labrini, E., Soldi, S., Cazzaniga, M., Bertuccioli, A., Matera, M., Cavecchia, I., et al. (2026) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10522-5 · Cited by 5
“1 [81].”
Freitas, A. C., Li, G., Shawon, J., Qamar, H., Pell, L. G., Kabir, M., Oduaran, O. H., Puebla-Barragan, S., Bassani, D. G., O'Callaghan, K. M., et al. (2025) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00314-25 · Cited by 6
Constructing a Draft Indian Cattle Pangenome Using Short-Read Sequencing
Azam, S., Sahu, A., Pandey, N. K., Neupane, M., Van Tassell, C. P., Rosen, B. D., Gandham, R. K., Rath, S. N., & Majumdar, S. S. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-07978-0 · Cited by 5
Advancing the Indian Cattle Pangenome: Characterizing Non-Reference Sequences in Bos indicus
Azam, S., Sahu, A., Pandey, N. K., Neupane, M., Van Tassell, C. P., Rosen, B. D., Gandham, R. K., Rath, S. N., & Majumdar, S. S. (2025) · Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1186/s40104-024-01133-1 · Cited by 5
Enhancer grammar of liver cell types and hepatocyte zonation states
González-Blas, C. B., Matetovici, I., Hillen, H., Taskiran, I. I., Vandepoel, R., Christiaens, V., Sansores-García, L., Verboven, E., Hulselmans, G., Poovathingal, S., et al. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.08.519575 · Cited by 5
Kerek, Á., Palkovicsné Pézsa, N., Kaszab, E., Jerzsele, Á., & Farkas, O. (2025) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2025.1684650 · Cited by 4
Lu, W., Zha, B., Lyu, J., LingHu, C., Chen, J., Deng, S., Zhang, X., Li, L., & Wang, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1500886 · Cited by 4
Exploring the genomic traits of infant-associated microbiota members from a Zimbabwean cohort
Mudhluli, T. E., Kujawska, M., Mueller, J., Felsl, A., Truppel, B.-A., Hall, L. J., Chitsike, I., Gomo, E., & Zhou, D. T. (2024) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10618-2 · Cited by 3
Tucureanu, M. M., Ciortan, L., Macarie, R. D., Mihaila, A. C., Droc, I., Butoi, E., & Manduteanu, I. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25053048 · Cited by 3
Di Pierro, F., Zerbinati, N., Guasti, L., Cazzaniga, M., Bertuccioli, A., Palazzi, C. M., Labrini, E., Sagheddu, V., & Soldi, S. (2024) · Microbiology Resource Announcements · doi:10.1128/mra.00580-24 · Cited by 2
Fang, S., Wang, S., Liu, Y., Zhu, C., Wang, S., & Xu, F. (2026) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.71420 · Cited by 4
Revisiting Aurochs Haplogroup C: Paleogenomic Perspectives from Northeastern China
Zhu, Y., Hou, X., Zhao, J., Xiao, B., Song, S., Zou, X., Liu, S., Hofreiter, M., & Lai, X. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16060639 · Cited by 2
Analysis of NUDIX enzymes across fungi reveals previously unrecognized diversity
Pasterny, Z., Barua, D., Mancera, E., & Muszewska, A. (2025) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-025-11778-5 · Cited by 2
“19.6) with default settings [37].”
InfluentialBian, C., Hu, C., He, Z., Li, Z., & Shi, Q. (2025) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-025-04824-0 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, S., Zhou, Y., Chen, Y., & Gu, J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Department of Bioinformatics, HaploX Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Shifu
- Venue
- Bioinformatics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-09-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- i884-i890
- ISSN
- 1367-4803 (ISSN-L)
- 1367-4811
- PMC
- PMC6129281
- OpenAlex
- W2951912016
- Cited by
- 29,721
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6556 · 2025: 6937 · 2024: 6063 · 2023: 4192 · 2022: 3147 · 2021: 1820 · 2020: 787 · 2019: 187 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 258.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioinformatics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Special Funds for Future Industries of Shenzhen (JSGG20160229123927512)
- National Science Foundation of China (61472411)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Theoretical Computer Science › Algorithms and Data Compression
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Keywords
- quality control, adapter trimming, quality filtering, multithreading, C++, high-throughput sequencing data, fastp
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Programming Languages, Quality Control
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review