Cited by 1,399Survey Sampling and Estimation TechniquesStatistical Methods and InferenceAdvanced Statistical Methods and Models

Nonparametric estimates of standard error: The jackknife, the bootstrap and other methods

EFRON, BRADLEY·1981·Biometrika

Abstract

We discuss several nonparametric methods for attaching a standard error to a point estimate: the jackknife, the bootstrap, half-sampling, subsampling, balanced repeated replications, the infinitesimal jackknife, influence function techniques and the delta method. The last three methods are shown to be identical. All the methods derive from the same basic idea, which is also the idea underlying the common parametric methods. Extended numerical comparisons are made for the special case of the correlation coefficient.

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Crossref · 10.1093/biomet/68.3.589

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  • Some data within this study were not normally distributed; non-parametric tests and bootstrap were used to obtain robust results.

    “First, some data within this study was not normally distributed. Typically used parametric methods would have led to biased results. Non-parametric tests and bootstrap were used in the analyses to obtain robust results [53–55].”

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Authors
EFRON, B.
Affiliations
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
EFRON, BRADLEY
Venue
Biometrika
Published
1981
Volume
68
Issue
3
Pages
589-599
ISSN
  • 0006-3444 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-3510
OpenAlex
W2006820723
Cited by
1,399
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 73
FWCI
7.53
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Biometrika (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Survey Sampling and Estimation Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
Keywords
standard error estimation, nonparametric statistics, jackknife, bootstrapping, subsampling, balanced repeated replication, influence function, delta method, correlation coefficient, variance estimation

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