An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research
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Social media possess the capability and ease to assist course activities, increase resources and information to learners, also motivate and involve students over interactivity and collaboration.
“Moreover, social media possess the capability and ease to assist course activities, increase resources and information to learners, also motivate and involve students over interactivity and collaboration [87]”
From Integrated Three Theories to Develop a Model of Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Higher Education (2019) · cites this paper as [87]
Correlations of any items among constructs cannot be more than square root of average variance shared by them in any of the construct.
“Moreover, Hair et al. [98] described that correlations of any items among constructs cannot be more than square root of average variance shared by them in any of the construct.”
From Integrated Three Theories to Develop a Model of Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Higher Education (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
For the female student group, the entire factor loading is significant and exceeds 0.50, meeting the provided references [98, 104].
“This indicates that entire factor loading is signi cant, also exceeds 0.50, and thus meeting the provided references [98, 104].”
From Integrated Three Theories to Develop a Model of Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Higher Education (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
Whole factor loadings were significant and exceed 0.50, meeting the provided recommendations.
“This indicates that whole factor loadings were signi cant and exceed 0.50, and thus meeting the provided recommendations [98, 104].”
From Integrated Three Theories to Develop a Model of Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Higher Education (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
Outliers can be disregarded since they have chance towards erroneous statistical results.
“This phenomenon was also agreed with Hair et al. (2012), they declared that outliers can be disregarded since they have chance towards erroneous statistical results.”
From Integrated Three Theories to Develop a Model of Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Higher Education (2019) · cites this paper as Hair et al. (2012)
Items and confirmatory factor of the construct's investigation gave a factor loading equal to 0.7 or more, and supposed to be acceptable, having Cronbach's Alpha and composite reliability value equal or greater than 0.70.
“In addition, items and crematory factor of the construct's investigation gave a factor loading equal to 0.7 or more, and supposed to be acceptable, having Cronbach's Alpha and composite reliability value equal or greater than 0.70 [98].”
From Integrated Three Theories to Develop a Model of Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Higher Education (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
The whole factor loading is significant and exceeds 0.50, meeting the references suggested by [98, 104].
“This indicates that the whole factor loading is signi cant and exceed 0. 50, and thus meeting the references suggested by [98, 104].”
From Integrated Three Theories to Develop a Model of Factors Affecting Students' Academic Performance in Higher Education (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
The structural model had a favorable fit to the data (χ2/df = 1.259, GFI = 0.946, NFI = 0.960, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.990, IFI = 0.992, RMSEA = 0.029).
“the fit indices, aligning with prior studies (Jackson et al., 2009; Hair et al., 2012) recommendations, affirm a favorable fit for the data (χ2/df = 1.259, GFI = 0.946, NFI = 0.960, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.990, IFI = 0.992, RMSEA = 0.029) and the structural model.”
From Mindfulness and self-rated performance among novice athletes in China: a sequential mediating role of flow and cognitive anxiety (2025) · cites this paper as Hair et al., 2012
The questionnaire scales demonstrated acceptable reliability, with Cronbach's α from 0.859 to 0.932, composite reliability above 0.85, and factor loadings and average variance extracted above recommended thresholds.
“Cronbach's α ranged from 0.859 to 0.932, exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.70 (Hair et al., 2012), and all composite reliability (CR) values were above 0.85. Minimum values for factor loadings and average variance extracted (AVE) were 0.776 and 0.645, respectively, both exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.50 (Fornell and Larcker, 1981).”
From Mindfulness and self-rated performance among novice athletes in China: a sequential mediating role of flow and cognitive anxiety (2025) · cites this paper as Hair et al., 2012
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“Additionally, PLSSEM has been a highly successful tool for establishing causal associations between variables (Hair et al., 2011; Hair et al., 2012).”
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- Authors
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Kennesaw State University (US)
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- University of South Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hair, Joe F.
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science
- Published
- 2011-06-07
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 414-433
- ISSN
- 0092-0703 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7824
- OpenAlex
- W2130892515
- Cited by
- 8,088
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 551 · 2025: 844 · 2024: 889 · 2023: 891 · 2022: 873 · 2021: 798 · 2020: 691 · 2019: 601 · 2018: 496 · 2017: 385 · 2016: 343 · 2015: 324 · 2014: 226 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 174.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (publishedVersion)
- DigitalCommons - Kennesaw State University (Kennesaw State University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Business Strategies and Management Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- partial least squares structural equation modeling, PLS-SEM, marketing research methodology, methodological choices, reporting practices, methodological pitfalls, research guidelines
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