Cited by 405Morphological variations and asymmetryAdvanced Statistical Methods and ModelsStatistical Methods and Applications

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Statistical assessment of bilateral symmetry of shapes

Mardia, K.·2000·Biometrika

DOI 10.1093/biomet/87.2.285

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

SUMMARY This paper formulates the problem of measuring bilateral symmetry of objects analytically for landmark data, and develops various new testing procedures and exploratory data analyses. The development is linked with the fundamental biological problem of measuring directional asymmetry and fluctuating asymmetry. We distinguish two types of symmetry, object symmetry and matching symmetry, and provide tests under assumptions of isotropic landmark variability as well as non-isotropy. The tests require novel statistical and geometrical analyses of the Procrustes shape manifold. For describing components of symmetry and asymmetry within samples, an extension of principal component analysis is introduced and illustrated by appropriate deformation techniques. Various real examples are used to illustrate the practical relevance of this work.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/biomet/87.2.285

Cites

15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Principal warps: thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations
Bookstein, F. L. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.24792 · Cited by 4,906
Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data
Bookstein, F. L. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511573064 · Cited by 4,481
Procrustes Methods in the Statistical Analysis of Shape
Goodall, C. R. (1991) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1991.tb01825.x · Cited by 2,069
FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY: Measurement, Analysis, Patterns
Palmer, A. R., & Strobeck, C. (1986) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.002135 · Cited by 1,701
Shape Manifolds, Procrustean Metrics, and Complex Projective Spaces
Kendall, D. G. (1984) · Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society · doi:10.1112/blms/16.2.81 · Cited by 1,453
A STUDY OF FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY
Valen, L. V. (1962) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1962.tb03206.x · Cited by 687
Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology
Lele, S. R., & Bookstein, F. L. (1999) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2669711 · Cited by 377
Shape and the Information in Medical Images: A Decade of the Morphometric Synthesis
Bookstein, F. L. (1997) · Computer Vision and Image Understanding · doi:10.1006/cviu.1997.0607 · Cited by 270
The Complex Bingham Distribution and Shape Analysis
Kent, J. T. (1994) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1994.tb01978.x · Cited by 263
Fluctuating asymmetry in the honey bee,
Smith, D. R., Crespi, B. J., & Bookstein, F. L. (1997) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s000360050041 · Cited by 134

Show all 15 references

Sorted by citations

Morpho J: an integrated software package for geometric morphometrics
Klingenberg, C. P. (2010) · Molecular Ecology Resources · doi:10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02924.x · Cited by 3,784
Geometric morphometrics: Ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’
Adams, D. C., Rohlf, F. J., & Slice, D. E. (2004) · The European Zoological Journal · doi:10.1080/11250000409356545 · Cited by 2,281
Advances in Geometric Morphometrics
Mitterœcker, P., & Gunz, P. (2009) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-009-9055-x · Cited by 1,416
Shape analysis of symmetric structures: quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry
Klingenberg, C. P., Barluenga, M., & Meyer, A. (2002) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00117.x · Cited by 1,109
A field comes of age: geometric morphometrics in the 21 st century
Adams, D. C., Rohlf, F. J., & Slice, D. E. (2013) · Bollettino del CILEA (CILEA) · doi:10.4404/hystrix-24.1-6283 · Cited by 719
Geometric Morphometrics
Slice, D. E. (2007) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120613 · Cited by 722
A late Middle Pleistocene Denisovan mandible from the Tibetan Plateau
Chen, F., Welker, F., Shen, C.-C., Bailey, S. E., Bergmann, I., Davis, S., Xia, H., Wang, H., Fischer, R., Freidline, S. E., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1139-x · Cited by 454
Principles for the virtual reconstruction of hominin crania
Gunz, P., Mitterœcker, P., Neubauer, S., Weber, G. W., & Bookstein, F. L. (2009) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.04.004 · Cited by 499
Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications
Klingenberg, C. P. (2015) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym7020843 · Cited by 456
Fluctuating Asymmetry: Methods, Theory, and Applications
Graham, J. H., Raz, S., Hel-Or, H. Z., & Nevo, E. (2010) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym2020466 · Cited by 430
A brief review of shape, form, and allometry in geometric morphometrics, with applications to human facial morphology
Mitterœcker, P., Gunz, P., Windhager, S., & Schæfer, K. (2013) · Bollettino del CILEA (CILEA) · doi:10.4404/hystrix-24.1-6369 · Cited by 374
Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia
Harvati, K., Röding, C., Bosman, A. M., Karakostis, F. A., Grün, R., Stringer, C. B., Karkanas, P., Thompson, N., Koutoulidis, V., Moulopoulos, L. A., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z · Cited by 341
Corpus Callosum Shape and Neuropsychological Deficits in Adult Males with Heavy Fetal Alcohol Exposure
Bookstein, F. L., Streissguth, A. P., Sampson, P. D., Connor, P. D., & Barr, H. M. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0977 · Cited by 309
The Conceptual and Statistical Relationship between Modularity and Morphological Integration
Mitterœcker, P., & Bookstein, F. L. (2007) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150701648029 · Cited by 273
Modeling 3D Facial Shape from DNA
Claes, P., Liberton, D. K., Daniels, K., Rosana, K. M., Quillen, E. E., Pearson, L. N., McEvoy, B., Bauchet, M., Zaidi, A. A., Yao, W., et al. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004224 · Cited by 202
CREDBANK: A Large-Scale Social Media Corpus With Associated Credibility Annotations
Mitra, T., & Gilbert, É. (2021) · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media · doi:10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14625 · Cited by 249
MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL VARIATION WITHIN THEACHNANTHIDIUM MINUTISSIMUM(BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) SPECIES COMPLEX1
Potapova, M., & Hamilton, P. B. (2007) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00332.x · Cited by 232
SlicerMorph: An open and extensible platform to retrieve, visualize and analyse 3D morphology
Rolfe, S. M., Pieper, S., Porto, A., Diamond, K. M., Winchester, J. M., Shan, S., Kirveslahti, H., Boyer, D., Summers, A. P., & Maga, A. M. (2021) · Methods in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1111/2041-210x.13669 · Cited by 238
Early modern human diversity suggests subdivided population structure and a complex out-of-Africa scenario
Gunz, P., Bookstein, F. L., Mitterœcker, P., Stadlmayr, A., Seidler, H., & Weber, G. W. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808160106 · Cited by 230
The pattern of endocranial ontogenetic shape changes in humans
Neubauer, S., Gunz, P., & Hublin, J. (2009) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01106.x · Cited by 208
Cranial integration and modularity: insights into evolution and development from morphometric data
(2013) · Bollettino del CILEA (CILEA) · doi:10.4404/hystrix-24.1-6367 · Cited by 199
A uniquely modern human pattern of endocranial development. Insights from a new cranial reconstruction of the Neandertal newborn from Mezmaiskaya
Gunz, P., Neubauer, S., Golovanova, L., Doronichev, V., Maureille, B., & Hublin, J.-J. (2012) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.013 · Cited by 197
Three-dimensional assessment of facial soft-tissue asymmetry before and after orthognathic surgery
Hajeer, M. Y., Ayoub, A. F., & Millett, D. T. (2004) · British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2004.05.006 · Cited by 191
Modern Morphometrics
Slice, D. E. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-27614-9_1 · Cited by 184
The Later Stone Age Calvaria from Iwo Eleru, Nigeria: Morphology and Chronology
Harvati, K., Stringer, C., Grün, R., Aubert, M., Allsworth-Jones, P., & Folorunso, C. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024024 · Cited by 180
Second to fourth digit ratio and face shape
Fink, B., Grammer, K., Mitterœcker, P., Gunz, P., Schæfer, K., Bookstein, F. L., & Manning, J. T. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3179 · Cited by 173
Reconstructed Homo habilis type OH 7 suggests deep-rooted species diversity in early Homo
Spoor, F., Gunz, P., Neubauer, S., Stelzer, S., Scott, N. A., Kwekason, A., & Dean, C. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14224 · Cited by 174
Form, Function, and Geometric Morphometrics
Cooke, S. B., & Terhune, C. E. (2014) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23065 · Cited by 174
The Neanderthal “chignon”: Variation, integration, and homology
Gunz, P., & Harvati, K. (2006) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.08.010 · Cited by 162
Thirty years of geometric morphometrics: Achievements, challenges, and the ongoing quest for biological meaningfulness
Mitterœcker, P., & Schæfer, K. (2022) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24531 · Cited by 176
Midline corpus callosum is a neuroanatomical focus of fetal alcohol damage
Bookstein, F. L., Sampson, P. D., Connor, P. D., & Streissguth, A. P. (2002) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.10110 · Cited by 154
The Concept of Morphospaces in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology: Mathematics and Metaphors
Mitterœcker, P., & Huttegger, S. M. (2009) · Biological Theory · doi:10.1162/biot.2009.4.1.54 · Cited by 156
Beyond bilateral symmetry: geometric morphometric methods for any type of symmetry
Savriama, Y., & Klingenberg, C. P. (2011) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-11-280 · Cited by 146
Developmental Instability as a Research Tool: Using Patterns of Fluctuating Asymmetry to Infer the Developmental Origins of Morphological Integration
Klingenberg, C. P. (2003) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195143454.003.0024 · Cited by 133
Automatic classification system for grazing, ruminating and resting behaviour of dairy sheep using a tri-axial accelerometer
Giovanetti, V., Decandia, M., Molle, G., Acciaro, M., Mameli, M., Cabiddu, A., Cossu, R., Serra, M. G., Manca, C., Rassu, S. P. G., et al. (2016) · Livestock Science · doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2016.12.011 · Cited by 128
Facial aging trajectories: A common shape pattern in male and female faces is disrupted after menopause
Windhager, S., Mitteroecker, P., Rupić, I., Lauc, T., Polašek, O., & Schaefer, K. (2019) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.23878 · Cited by 128
Prenatal alcohol exposure alters the patterns of facial asymmetry
Klingenberg, C. P., Wetherill, L. F., Rogers, J. L., Moore, E., Ward, R., Autti‐Rämö, I., Fagerlund, Å., Jacobson, S. W., Robinson, L. K., Hoyme, H. E., et al. (2010) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.10.016 · Cited by 126
2D or Not 2D? Testing the Utility of 2D Vs. 3D Landmark Data in Geometric Morphometrics of the Sculpin Subfamily Oligocottinae (Pisces; Cottoidea)
Buser, T. J., Sidlauskas, B. L., & Summers, A. P. (2017) · The Anatomical Record · doi:10.1002/ar.23752 · Cited by 120
Cues to fertility: Perceived attractiveness and facial shape predict reproductive success
Pflüger, L. S., Oberzaucher, E., Katina, S., Holzleitner, I. J., & Grammer, K. (2012) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.05.005 · Cited by 115
Discriminating Paleoindian point types from Florida using landmark geometric morphometrics
Thulman, D. K. (2012) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.01.004 · Cited by 105
2D and 3D analysis methods of facial asymmetry in comparison
Berssenbrügge, P., Berlin, N. F., Kebeck, G., Runte, C., Jung, S., Kleinheinz, J., & Dirksen, D. (2014) · Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2014.01.028 · Cited by 105
Fluctuating Asymmetry of Human Populations: A Review
Graham, J. H., & Özener, B. (2016) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym8120154 · Cited by 106
Evolution of middle-late Pleistocene human cranio-facial form: A 3-D approach
Harvati, K., Hublin, J., & Gunz, P. (2010) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.005 · Cited by 104
Dental Arch Asymmetry in an Isolated Adriatic Community
Schæfer, K., Lauc, T., Mitterœcker, P., Gunz, P., & Bookstein, F. L. (2005) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20224 · Cited by 100
Shape, Procrustes tangent projections and bilateral symmetry
Kent, J. T. (2001) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/88.2.469 · Cited by 99
Statistical Shape Modeling of Skeletal Anatomy for Sex Discrimination: Their Training Size, Sexual Dimorphism, and Asymmetry
Audenaert, E. A., Pattyn, C., Steenackers, G., Roeck, J. D., Vandermeulen, D., & Claes, P. D. (2019) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2019.00302 · Cited by 103
Sexual dimorphism in multiple aspects of 3D facial symmetry and asymmetry defined by spatially dense geometric morphometrics
Claes, P. D., Walters, M. J., Shriver, M. D., Puts, D. A., Gibson, G. C., Clement, J. G., Baynam, G. S., Verbeke, G. N., Vandermeulen, D., & Suetens, P. (2012) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01528.x · Cited by 95
Virtual Anthropology
Weber, G. W. (2014) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22658 · Cited by 104
Evolution of brain lateralization: A shared hominid pattern of endocranial asymmetry is much more variable in humans than in great apes
Neubauer, S., Gunz, P., Scott, N. A., Hublin, J., & Mitterœcker, P. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax9935 · Cited by 89
Common features of sexual dimorphism in the cranial airways of different human populations
Bastir, M., Godoy, P., & Rosas, A. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21596 · Cited by 87
Visualizing patterns of craniofacial shape variation in Homo sapiens
Zollikofer, C. P. E., & de León, M. S. P. (2002) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.1960 · Cited by 88
Fluctuating asymmetry and exogenous stress in fishes: a review
Allenbach, D. M. (2010) · Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries · doi:10.1007/s11160-010-9178-2 · Cited by 85
The Morphometrics of “Masculinity” in Human Faces
Mitterœcker, P., Windhager, S., Müller, G. B., & Schæfer, K. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118374 · Cited by 85
Effects of developmental and functional interactions on mouse cranial variability through late ontogeny
Willmore, K. E., Leamy, L. J., & Hallgrímsson, B. (2006) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2006.00127.x · Cited by 85
Effects of Environmental Disturbance on Phenotypic Variation: An Integrated Assessment of Canalization, Developmental Stability, Modularity, and Allometry in Lizard Head Shape
Lazić, M. M., Carretero, M. Á., Crnobrnja‐Isailović, J., & Kaliontzopoulou, A. (2014) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/679011 · Cited by 84
Cioclovina (Romania): affinities of an early modern European
Harvati, K., Gunz, P., & Grigorescu, D. O. (2007) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.09.009 · Cited by 82
Integration, Disintegration, and Self-Similarity: Characterizing the Scales of Shape Variation in Landmark Data
Bookstein, F. L. (2015) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-015-9317-8 · Cited by 81
Toward DNA-based facial composites: Preliminary results and validation
Claes, P. D., Hill, H. C. H., & Shriver, M. D. (2014) · Forensic Science International Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.08.008 · Cited by 79
Retrodeformation of fossil specimens based on 3D bilateral semi-landmarks: Implementation in the R package “Morpho”
Schlager, S., Profico, A., Vincenzo, F. D., & Manzi, G. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0194073 · Cited by 77
Facial asymmetry – 3D assessment of infants with cleft lip & palate
Hood, C. A., Bock, M., Hosey, M. T., BOWMAN, A. W., & Ayoub, A. F. (2003) · International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry · doi:10.1046/j.1365-263x.2003.00496.x · Cited by 77
Second to fourth digit ratio and facial asymmetry
Fink, B., Manning, J. T., Neave, N., & Grammer, K. (2004) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s1090-5138(03)00084-9 · Cited by 77
Fluctuating Asymmetry, Animal Behavior, and Evolution
Swaddle, J. P. (2003) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(03)01004-0 · Cited by 76
Facial symmetry and the ‘big-five’ personality factors
Fink, B., Neave, N., Manning, J. T., & Grammer, K. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.002 · Cited by 76
Evolution of Eye Morphology and Rhodopsin Expression in the Drosophila melanogaster Species Subgroup
Posnien, N., Hopfen, C., Hilbrant, M., Ramos-Womack, M., Murat, S., Schönauer, A., Herbert, S. L., Nunes, M. D. S., Arif, S., Breuker, C. J., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037346 · Cited by 71
3D morphometrics of craniofacial dysmorphology reveals sex-specific asymmetries in schizophrenia
Hennessy, R. J., Lane, A., Kinsella, A., Larkin, C., O’Callaghan, E., & Waddington, J. L. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.08.003 · Cited by 73
The multifactorial nature of beak and skull shape evolution in parrots and cockatoos (Psittaciformes)
Bright, J. A., Marugán‐Lobón, J., Rayfield, E. J., & Cobb, S. N. (2019) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1432-1 · Cited by 82
A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the frontal and zygomatic bone of the Zuttiyeh fossil from Israel
Freidline, S. E., Gunz, P., Janković, I., Harvati, K., & Hublin, J.-J. (2011) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.11.005 · Cited by 72
Leaf Fluctuating Asymmetry Increases with Hybridization and Introgression betweenQuercus magnoliifoliaandQuercus resinosa(Fagaceae) through an Altitudinal Gradient in Mexico
Albarrán-Lara, A. L., Mendoza‐Cuenca, L., Valencia‐Ávalos, S., González‐Rodríguez, A., & Oyama, K. (2010) · International Journal of Plant Sciences · doi:10.1086/650317 · Cited by 68
Are there vocal cues to human developmental stability? Relationships between facial fluctuating asymmetry and voice attractiveness
Hill, A. K., Cárdenas, R. A., Wheatley, J. R., Welling, L. L. M., Burriss, R. P., Claes, P. D., Apicella, C. L., McDaniel, M. A., Little, A. C., Shriver, M. D., et al. (2016) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.10.008 · Cited by 66
MOSAIC HETEROCHRONY AND EVOLUTIONARY MODULARITY: THE TRILOBITE GENUS ZACANTHOPSIS AS A CASE STUDY
Gerber, S., & Hopkins, M. J. (2011) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01363.x · Cited by 67
The association between wing morphology and dispersal is sex-specific in the glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Breuker, C. J., Brakefield, P. M., & Gibbs, M. (2007) · European Journal of Entomology · doi:10.14411/eje.2007.064 · Cited by 67
The contribution of subsistence to global human cranial variation
Noback, M. L., & Harvati, K. (2015) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.11.005 · Cited by 66
PATTERNS AND PROCESSES IN MORPHOSPACE: GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS
Polly, P. D., & Motz, G. J. (2016) · The Paleontological Society Papers · doi:10.1017/scs.2017.9 · Cited by 65
A Course in Morphometrics for Biologists
Bookstein, F. L. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108120418 · Cited by 66
Contributions of Morphometrics to Medical Entomology
Dujardin, J., & Slice, D. E. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470114209.ch25 · Cited by 70
Geometric morphometric methods for three-dimensional virtual reconstruction of a fragmented cranium: the case of Angelo Poliziano
Benazzi, S., Stansfield, E., Milani, C., & Gruppioni, G. (2009) · International Journal of Legal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00414-009-0339-6 · Cited by 64
Relationship of cranial robusticity to cranial form, geography and climate in Homo sapiens
Baab, K. L., Freidline, S. E., Wang, S. L., & Hanson, T. (2009) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21120 · Cited by 66
The effect of different time epoch settings on the classification of sheep behaviour using tri-axial accelerometry
Decandia, M., Giovanetti, V., Molle, G., Acciaro, M., Mameli, M. S., Cabiddu, A., Cossu, R., Serra, M. G., Manca, C., Rassu, S. P. G., et al. (2018) · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture · doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.09.002 · Cited by 63
A new OH5 reconstruction with an assessment of its uncertainty
Benazzi, S., Bookstein, F. L., Strait, D. S., & Weber, G. W. (2011) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.02.005 · Cited by 61
Use of a natural hybrid zone for genomewide association mapping of craniofacial traits in the house mouse
Pallares, L. F., Harr, B., Turner, L. M., & Tautz, D. (2014) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.12968 · Cited by 60
Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics applied to the study of children with cleft lip and/or palate from the North East of England
Bugaighis, I., O’Higgins, P., Tiddeman, B., Mattick, C. R., Ali, O. B., & Hobson, R. S. (2010) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjp140 · Cited by 62
Quantitative trait loci affecting the 3D skull shape and size in mouse and prioritization of candidate genes in-silico
Maga, A. M., Navarro, N., Cunningham, M. L., & Cox, T. C. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00092 · Cited by 60
Geometric morphometrics of corolla shape: dissecting components of symmetric and asymmetric variation in Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae)
Savriama, Y., Gómez, J. M., Perfectti, F., & Klingenberg, C. P. (2012) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04312.x · Cited by 60
Shape Differences Between the Faces of Homosexual and Heterosexual Men
Valentová, J. V., Kleisner, K., Havlı́ček, J., & Neustupa, J. (2013) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0194-x · Cited by 58
Skull shape asymmetry and the socioeconomic structure of an early medieval central european society
Bigoni, L., Krajíček, V., Sládek, V., Velemínský, P., & Velemínská, J. (2013) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22210 · Cited by 56
A morphometric comparison of the parietal lobe in modern humans and Neanderthals
Pereira‐Pedro, A. S., Bruner, E., Gunz, P., & Neubauer, S. (2020) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102770 · Cited by 61
Genetics and geometry of canalization and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura
Mauro Santos, A., Iriarte, P. F., & Céspedes, W. (2005) · BMC Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2148-5-7 · Cited by 55
Analysis of the human osseous nasal shape—population differences and sexual dimorphism
Schlager, S., & Rüdell, A. (2015) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22749 · Cited by 55
Morphological Continuity of the Face in the Late Middle and Late Pleistocene Hominins from Northwestern Africa: A 3D Geometric Morphometric Analysis
Harvati, K., & Hublin, J.-J. (2012) · Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2929-2_12 · Cited by 54
Socioeconomic Status Is Not Related with Facial Fluctuating Asymmetry: Evidence from Latin-American Populations
Quinto‐Sánchez, M., Cintas, C., de Cerqueira, C. C. S., Ramallo, V., Acuña-Alonzo, V., Adhikari, K., Castillo, L. D., Gómez‐Valdés, J., Everardo, P., de Ávila, F., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169287 · Cited by 55
Female appearance: facial and bodily attractiveness as shape
Schæfer, K., Fink, B., Grammer, K., Mitterœcker, P., Gunz, P., & Bookstein, F. L. (2006) · Cited by 54
Walking on Kendall’s Shape Space: Understanding Shape Spaces and Their Coordinate Systems
Klingenberg, C. P. (2020) · Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1007/s11692-020-09513-x · Cited by 57
Size and Shape Variation of Two Freshwater Crabs in Argentinean Patagonia: The Influence of Sexual Dimorphism, Habitat, and Species Interactions
Giri, F., & Loy, A. (2008) · Journal of Crustacean Biology · doi:10.1651/07-2824r.1 · Cited by 53
Three-Dimensional Facial Characteristics of Caucasian Infants without Cleft and Correlation with Body Measurements
White, J., Ayoub, A. F., Hosey, M. T., Bock, M., BOWMAN, A. W., Bowman, J., Siebert, J. P., & Ray, A. (2004) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1597/03-069.1 · Cited by 52
Geometric morphometric footprint analysis of young women
Domjanić, J., Fieder, M., Seidler, H., & Mitterœcker, P. (2013) · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · doi:10.1186/1757-1146-6-27 · Cited by 52
Symmetry analysis of talus bone
Islam, K., Dobbe, A., Komeili, A., Duke, K., Rich, M. E., Dhillon, S., Adeeb, S., & Jomha, N. M. (2014) · Bone and Joint Research · doi:10.1302/2046-3758.35.2000264 · Cited by 52
Into Eurasia: A geometric morphometric re-assessment of the Upper Cave (Zhoukoudian) specimens
Harvati, K. (2009) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.07.008 · Cited by 51
Not all roads can be taken: development induces anisotropic accessibility in morphospace
Gerber, S. (2014) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.12098 · Cited by 48
The myth of hidden ovulation: Shape and texture changes in the face during the menstrual cycle
Oberzaucher, E., Katina, S., Schmehl, S. F., Holzleitner, I. J., Mehu-Blantar, I., & Grammer, K. (2012) · Journal of Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1556/jep.10.2012.4.1 · Cited by 47
Measuring and Reasoning: Numerical Inference in the Sciences
Bookstein, F. L. (2014) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 47

Authors: Mardia, K.
Affiliations: University of Leeds (GB)
Corresponding author: Mardia, K.
ORCID: Mardia, K.
Venue: Biometrika
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2000-06-01
Volume: 87
Issue: 2
Pages: 285-300
ISSN: 0006-3444 (ISSN-L)
1464-3510
DOI: 10.1093/biomet/87.2.285
OpenAlex: W2130075045
Cited by: 405
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 7.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Biometrika (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Morphological variations and asymmetry
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
Keywords: bilateral symmetry, fluctuating asymmetry, directional asymmetry, landmark data, object symmetry, shape deformation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Statistical assessment of bilateral symmetry of shapes

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks