The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Motor learning elicited by voluntary drive
Abstract
Motor training consisting of voluntary movements leads to performance improvements and results in characteristic reorganizational changes in the motor cortex. It has been proposed that repetition of passively elicited movements could also lead to improvements in motor performance. In this study, we compared behavioural gains, changes in functional MRI (fMRI) activation in the contralateral primary motor cortex (cM1) and in motor cortex excitability measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) after a 30 min training period of either voluntarily (active) or passively (passive) induced wrist movements, when alertness and kinematic aspects of training were controlled. During active training, subjects were instructed to perform voluntary wrist flexion-extension movements of a specified duration (target window 174-186 ms) in an articulated splint. Passive training consisted of wrist flexion- extension movements elicited by a torque motor, of the same amplitude and duration range as in the active task. fMRI activation and TMS parameters of motor cortex excitability were measured before and after each training type. Motor performance, measured as the number of movements that hit the target window duration, was significantly better after active than after passive training. Both active and passive movements performed during fMRI measurements activated cM1. Active training led to more prominent increases in (i) fMRI activation of cM1; (ii) recruitment curves (TMS); and (iii) intracortical facilitation (TMS) than passive training. Therefore, a short period of active motor training is more effective than passive motor training in eliciting performance improvements and cortical reorganization. This result is consistent with the concept of a pivotal role for voluntary drive in motor learning and neurorehabilitation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“it is generally thought that a user’s motivation and cognitive arousal play significant roles in the process of skill acquisition and eventual task performance (15, 16).”
From Noninvasive neuroimaging enhances continuous neural tracking for robotic device control (2019) · cites this paper as [15]
Citations
Cites
Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., Mazoyer, B., & Joliot, M. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0978 · Cited by 16,319
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., & Oeltermann, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084005 · Cited by 6,551
Talairach, J., Tournoux, P., & Rayport, M. (1988) · Thieme eBooks · Cited by 5,058
Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex.
Kujirai, T., Caramia, M. D., Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., Thompson, P. D., Ferbert, A., Wroe, S. J., Asselman, P., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1993) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019912 · Cited by 3,132
Rossini, P. M., Barker, A. T., Berardelli, A., Caramia, M. D., Caruso, G., Cracco, R. Q., Dimitrijević, M. R., Hallett, M., Katayama, Y., Lücking, C. H., et al. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(94)90029-9 · Cited by 3,030
Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning
Kami, A., Meyer, G., Jezzard, P., Adams, M. M., Turner, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377155a0 · Cited by 1,883
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain
Hallett, M. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35018000 · Cited by 1,603 · cited 1×
“TMS is a non-invasive technique that allows the evaluation of corticomotor neuronal excitability levels in humans (Hallett, 2000).”
BackgroundA spelling device for the paralysed
Birbaumer, N., Ghanayim, N., Hinterberger, T., Iversen, I., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Perelmouter, J., Taub, E., & Flor, H. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/18581 · Cited by 1,577
Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation
Stefan, K. (2000) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/123.3.572 · Cited by 1,484
Nudo, R. J., Milliken, G. W., Jenkins, W., & Merzenich, M. M. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-02-00785.1996 · Cited by 1,416
Pascual‐Leone, Á., Nguyet, D., Cohen, L. G., Brasil-Neto, J. P., Cammarota, Á., & Hallett, M. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1037 · Cited by 1,410
Rapid plasticity of human cortical movement representation induced by practice
Classen, J., Liepert, J., Wise, S. P., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.1117 · Cited by 1,156
Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex.
Ziemann, U., Rothwell, J. C., & Ridding, M. C. (1996) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021734 · Cited by 1,144
Ziemann, U., Lönnecker, S., Steinhoff, B. J., & Paulus, W. (1996) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410400306 · Cited by 1,136
Neural Correlates of Motor Memory Consolidation
Shadmehr, R., & Holcomb, H. H. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5327.821 · Cited by 1,022
Input-output properties and gain changes in the human corticospinal pathway
Devanne, H., Lavoie, B. A., & Capaday, C. (1997) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/pl00005641 · Cited by 820
Lazzaro, V. D., Restuccia, D., Oliviero, A., Profice, P., Ferrara, L., Insola, A., Mazzone, P., Tonali, P., & Rothwell, J. C. (1998) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210050341 · Cited by 636
Intracortical Inhibition and Facilitation in Different Representations of the Human Motor Cortex
Chen, R., Tam, A., Bütefisch, C., Corwell, B., Ziemann, U., Rothwell, J. C., & Cohen, L. G. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.2870 · Cited by 495
Role of the human motor cortex in rapid motor learning
Muellbacher, W., Ziemann, U., Boroojerdi, B., Cohen, L., & Hallett, M. (2001) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210000614 · Cited by 452
Ridding, M. C., Brouwer, B. J., Miles, T. S., Pitcher, J. B., & Thompson, P. D. (2000) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002219900269 · Cited by 446
Modulation of human corticomotor excitability by somatosensory input
Kaelin‐Lang, A., Luft, A. R., Sawaki, L. A., Burstein, A. H., Sohn, Y. H., & Cohen, L. G. (2002) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2001.012801 · Cited by 424
Brain Representation of Active and Passive Movements
Weiller, C., Jüptner, M., Fellows, S. J., Rijntjes, M., Leonhardt, G., Kiebel, S. J., Müller, S., Diener, H., & Thilmann, A. F. (1996) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1996.0034 · Cited by 367
Werhahn, K. J., Fong, J. K. Y., Meyer, B.-U., Priori, A., Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., & Thompson, P. D. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/0168-5597(94)90077-9 · Cited by 330
Brain structures related to active and passive finger movements in man
Mima, T., Sadato, N., Yazawa, S., Hanakawa, T., Fukuyama, H., Yonekura, Y., & Shibasaki, H. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.10.1989 · Cited by 270
Increase in hand muscle strength of stroke patients after somatosensory stimulation
Conforto, A. B., Kaelin‐Lang, A., & Cohen, L. G. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10070 · Cited by 258
Different sites of action of electrical and magnetic stimulation of the human brain
Day, B. L., Thompson, P. D., Dick, J., Nakashima, K., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1987) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90083-8 · Cited by 230
Carel, C., Loubinoux, I., Boulanouar, K., MANELFE, C., Rascol, O., Celsis, P., & Chollet, F. (2000) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200003000-00006 · Cited by 168
A mental route to motor learning: Improving trajectorial kinematics through imagery training
Yágüez, L., Nagel, D., Hoffman, H., Canavan, A. G. M., Wist, E. R., & Hömberg, V. (1998) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00087-9 · Cited by 157
Motor plasticity induced by synchronized thumb and foot movements
Liepert, J., Terborg, C., & Weiller, C. (1999) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210050700 · Cited by 137
Alary, F., Doyon, B., Loubinoux, I., Carel, C., Boulanouar, K., Ranjeva, J., Celsis, P., & Chollet, F. (1998) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0377 · Cited by 73
REPETITIVE SENSORIMOTOR TRAINING FOR ARM AND HAND IN A PATIENT WITH LOCKED-IN SYNDROME
Hummelsheim, H. (1999) · Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/003655099444434 · Cited by 16
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Folland, J. P., & Williams, A. G. (2007) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200737020-00004 · Cited by 1,347
Design and Evaluation of the LOPES Exoskeleton Robot for Interactive Gait Rehabilitation
Veneman, J. F., Kruidhof, R., Hekman, E. E. G., Ekkelenkamp, R., van Asseldonk, E. H. F., & van der Kooij, H. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2007.903919 · Cited by 1,281
Review of control strategies for robotic movement training after neurologic injury
Marchal-Crespo, L., & Reinkensmeyer, D. J. (2009) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-6-20 · Cited by 1,182
Robot assisted gait training with Active Leg Exoskeleton (ALEX)
Banala, S. K., Kim, S. H., Agrawal, S. K., & Scholz, J. P. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2008.2008280 · Cited by 751
Mayka, M. A., Corcos, D. M., Leurgans, S. E., & Vaillancourt, D. E. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.004 · Cited by 731
Metadata
- Authors
- Lotze, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lotze, M.
- ORCID
- Lotze, M.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-04-01
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 866-872
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2138983889
- Cited by
- 691
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- motor learning, primary motor cortex, motor cortex excitability, cortical reorganization, wrist flexion and extension, intracortical facilitation, neurorehabilitation, motor performance improvement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Motor Cortex, Motor Skills, Movement, Wrist, Torque
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
