Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, on UVR-related cancer risk in humans. An assessment of early genotoxic markers
Abstract
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) protect against photocarcinogenesis in animals, but prospective human studies are scarce. The mechanism(s) underlying the photoprotection are uncertain, although omega-3 PUFAs may influence oxidative stress. We examined the effect of supplementation on a range of indicators of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced DNA damage in humans, and assessed effect on basal and post-UVR oxidative status. In a double-blind randomized study, 42 healthy subjects took 4 g daily of purified omega-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or monounsaturated, oleic acid (OA), for 3 months. EPA was bioavailable; the skin content at 3 months showing an 8-fold rise from baseline, P < 0.01. No consistent pattern of alteration in basal and UVR-exposed skin content of the antioxidants glutathione, vitamins E and C or lipid peroxidation, was seen on supplementation. Sunburn sensitivity was reduced on EPA, the UVR-induced erythemal threshold rising from a mean of 36 (SD 10) mJ/cm(2) at baseline to 49 (16) mJ/cm(2) after supplementation, P < 0.01. Moreover, UVR-induced skin p53 expression, assessed immunohistochemically at 24 h post-UVR exposure, fell from a mean of 16 (SD 5) positive cells/100 epidermal cells at baseline to 8 (4) after EPA supplementation, P < 0.01. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) sampled on 3 successive days both pre- and post-supplementation, showed no change with respect to basal DNA single-strand breaks or oxidative base modification (8-oxo-dG). However, when susceptibility of PBL to ex vivo UVR was examined using the comet assay, this revealed a reduction in tail moment from 84.4 (SD 3.4) at baseline to 69.4 (3.1) after EPA, P = 0.03. No significant changes were seen in any of the above parameters following OA supplementation. Reduction in this range of early markers, i.e. sunburn, UVR-induced p53 in skin and strand breaks in PBL, indicate protection by dietary EPA against acute UVR-induced genotoxicity; longer-term supplementation might reduce skin cancer in humans.
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EPAs have a UV-filtering effect and longer-term supplementation may reduce the risk of skin cancer in humans.
“The results indicate that EPAs have a UV-filtering effect and suggest that longer-term supplementation may reduce the risk of skin cancer in humans [187].”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [187]
Fish oils have a protective role and can reduce the severity of erythema.
“There are studies indicating that fish oils have a protective role and can reduce the severity of erythema.”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [187]
In a randomized double-blind trial in 42 healthy patients taking 4 g/day of EPA or monounsaturated oleic acid for three months, an increase in the UV-induced erythematous threshold was observed, as was a decrease in the expression of the protein p53, a marker of DNA damage induced by UV radiation.
“In a randomized double-blind trial in 42 healthy patients taking 4 g/day of EPA or monounsaturated oleic acid for three months, an increase in the UV-induced erythematous threshold was observed, as was a decrease in the expression of the protein p53, a marker of DNA damage induced by UV radiation.”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [187]
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- Authors
- Rhodes, L. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rhodes, L. E.
- ORCID
- Rhodes, L. E.
- Venue
- Carcinogenesis
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-03-28
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 919-925
- ISSN
- 0143-3334 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2180
- OpenAlex
- W2105917309
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Carcinogenesis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
- Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, ultraviolet radiation, photoprotection, p53 expression, single-strand breaks, oxidative DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, vitamin E, vitamin C, oleic acid, dietary supplementation, skin cancer risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Ascorbic Acid, Biological Availability, DNA, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Double-Blind Method, Female, Genetic Markers, Glutathione, Humans, Lymphocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced, Skin, Skin Neoplasms, Ultraviolet Rays, Vitamin E, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Lipid Peroxidation, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Oleic Acid, Dietary Supplements
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