Inflammation-induced loss of Pdcd4 is mediated by phosphorylation-dependent degradation
Open accessAbstract
The tumor suppressor programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) is lost in various tumor tissues. Loss of Pdcd4 has been associated with increased tumorigenic potential and tumor progression. While various mechanisms of Pdcd4 regulation have been described, the effect of an inflammatory tumor microenvironment on Pdcd4 protein expression has not been characterized so far. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Pdcd4 protein regulation in tumor cells under inflammatory conditions. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-induced differentiation of human U937 monocytes increased the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Exposure to conditioned medium (CM) of these activated macrophages markedly decreased Pdcd4 protein expression in various tumor cells. Similarly, indirect coculture with such activated U937 monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in the loss of Pdcd4 protein in tumor cells. Decreased Pdcd4 protein levels were attributable to enhanced proteasomal degradation, diminishing Pdcd4 protein half-life. Proteasomal degradation required activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Since macrophage-CM sufficed to induce Pdcd4 degradation, Pdcd4 downregulation was determined to be an indirect unidirectional effect of the macrophages on the tumor cells. Pdcd4 protein expression was also attenuated in vivo in mouse colon tissue in response to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. In summary, we characterized PI3K-mTOR-dependent proteasome-mediated Pdcd4 degradation in tumor cells in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Consequently, stabilization of Pdcd4 protein could provide a promising novel avenue for therapeutics targeting inflammation-associated tumors.
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PDCD4 suppression induces expression of IL-10 and TNFα.
“PDCD4 suppression then induces the expression of IL-10 and TNFα [21,74,75].”
From Control Mechanisms of the Tumor Suppressor PDCD4: Expression and Functions (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
In “Inflammatory conditions attenuate Pdcd4 protein expression” (page unavailable), TPA-differentiated U937 cells show increased TNFα before their conditioned medium reduces Pdcd4 in tumor cells. The paper thus describes inflammatory cytokine production preceding Pdcd4 loss, not PDCD4 suppression inducing TNFα; the passages do not report IL-10 expression. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredConditional medium of activated macrophages downregulated PDCD4 protein levels, activating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K signaling pathway and phosphorylating PDCD4 protein in various tumor cells.
“The conditional medium of the activated macrophages downregulated PDCD4-protein levels, activating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K signaling pathway and phosphorylating PDCD4-protein in various tumor cells [74,75].”
From Control Mechanisms of the Tumor Suppressor PDCD4: Expression and Functions (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
The Abstract and Figure 2 report that conditioned medium from activated U937-derived macrophages lowered Pdcd4 protein in several tumor-cell lines. The Results section shows PI3K–mTOR-dependent loss of Pdcd4 and increased phosphorylation at a p70 S6K site in CM-treated MCF7 cells. It does not establish activation of the full PI3K–Akt–mTOR–S6K pathway or show Pdcd4 phosphorylation across the various tumor-cell lines. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMacrophages derived from human U937 monocytes by TPA treatment increased expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL6, and IL8.
“The macrophages derived from human U937 monocytes by TPA treatment increased the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL6) and interleukin 8 (IL8) [74].”
From Control Mechanisms of the Tumor Suppressor PDCD4: Expression and Functions (2019) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Schmid, T., Bajer, M. M., Blees, J. S., Eifler, L. K., Milke, L., Rübsamen, D., Schulz, K., Weigert, A., Baker, A. R., Colburn, N. H., & Brüne, B.
- Affiliations
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schmid, Tobias
- Venue
- Carcinogenesis
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-07-18
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1427-1433
- ISSN
- 0143-3334 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2180
- PMC
- PMC3179419
- OpenAlex
- W2119397497
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Carcinogenesis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GRK1172, BR999)
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
- Keywords
- PDCD4, tumor suppressor, inflammation, tumor microenvironment, proteasomal degradation, protein phosphorylation, PI3K/mTOR signaling, macrophages, conditioned medium, U937 cells, DSS-induced colitis, colon cancer, tumor progression, inflammatory cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinogens, Cell Differentiation, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Monocytes, Phosphorylation, RNA, Messenger, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Blotting, Western, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Interleukin-8, RNA-Binding Proteins, Culture Media, Conditioned, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, U937 Cells, RNA, Small Interfering, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Tumor Microenvironment
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