CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 451Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement DisordersNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Basal-ganglia 'Projections' to the Prefrontal Cortex of the Primate

Middleton, F. A.·2002·Cerebral Cortex
DOI 10.1093/cercor/12.9.926
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We used retrograde transneuronal transport of the McIntyre-B strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 to examine the extent and organization of basal-ganglia-thalamocortical projections to five regions of prefrontal cortex in the cebus monkey (Cebus apella): medial and lateral area 9 (9m and 9l), dorsal and ventral area 46 (46d and 46v) and lateral area 12 (12l). All of these prefrontal areas were found to be targets of basal-ganglia output that originated in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and/or the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra (SNpr). Approximately one-third of the total volume of these nuclei was directed toward prefrontal cortex, a volume comparable to that directed at the cortical motor areas. The origins of the outputs to different prefrontal areas were topographically organized. Different portions of SNpr (the rostral and caudal thirds) projected to areas 9m and 12l. Similarly, different output nuclei (GPi and SNpr) projected to adjacent portions of the same cytoarchitectonic field (46d and 46v). Furthermore, the outputs to prefrontal areas were segregated from those to motor areas of cortex. Thus, basal-ganglia outputs to prefrontal cortex are both extensive and topographically organized, forming a rich anatomical substrate for basal-ganglia influences on the cognitive operations of the frontal lobe.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/cercor/12.9.926

Cites

58 of 58 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 451

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Middleton, F. A.
Affiliations
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author
Middleton, F. A.
ORCID
Middleton, F. A.
Venue
Cerebral Cortex
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2002-09-01
Volume
12
Issue
9
Pages
926-935
ISSN
  • 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2199
DOI
10.1093/cercor/12.9.926
OpenAlex
W2142455573
Semantic Scholar
694a295bee8ec9996ffe86fdc9c06d779f885fdf
Cited by
451
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 33
FWCI
11.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5f31mh011262-02)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056661, MH11262, MH-56661)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords
basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, thalamocortical connections, globus pallidus internus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, topographic organization, Cebus apella, area 46, retrograde tracing, herpes simplex virus type 1
MeSH terms
Animals, Axonal Transport, Basal Ganglia, Cebus, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex, Herpesvirus 1, Human

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review