Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function
Abstract
The possibility that neurons in the basal ganglia and cerebellum innervate areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in cognitive function has been a controversial subject. Here, retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) was used to identify subcortical neurons that project via the thalamus to area 46 of the primate prefrontal cortex. This cortical area is known to be involved in spatial working memory. Many neurons in restricted regions of the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and in the internal segment of the globus pallidus were labeled by transneuronal transport of virus from area 46. The location of these neurons was different from those labeled after HSV1 transport from motor areas of the cerebral cortex. These observations define an anatomical substrate for the involvement of basal ganglia and cerebellar output in higher cognitive function.
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Middleton and Strick (1994) provided the first evidence in the monkey that the cerebellum is connected to the non-motor area 46 of the prefrontal cortex.
“With a use of trans-neuronal transport of neurotropic viruses, Middleton and Strick (1994) provided the first evidence in the monkey that the cerebellum is connected to the non-motor area 46 of the prefrontal cortex and revised the conventional view of the cerebellar devotion to motor control.”
From The Cerebro-Cerebellum as a Locus of Forward Model: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as Middleton and Strick (1994)
The hemispheric parts of the cerebellum (mainly Crus I and Crus II) are connected with various cortical association areas through DN.
“Strick and his colleagues eventually established that the hemispheric parts of the cerebellum (mainly Crus I and Crus II) are connected with various cortical association areas through DN (Middleton and Strick, 1994; Dum and Strick, 2003; Kelly and Strick, 2003).”
From The Cerebro-Cerebellum as a Locus of Forward Model: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as Middleton and Strick, 1994
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- Authors
- Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L.
- Affiliations
- State University of New York (US)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1994-10-21
- Volume
- 266
- Issue
- 5184
- Pages
- 458-461
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W1979480286
- Cited by
- 1,356
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 39.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-24328, R01NS024328)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- cerebellum, basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, area 46, spatial working memory, dentate nucleus, globus pallidus internus, thalamus, herpes simplex virus type 1, subcortical projections, higher mental functions, primate brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Cebus, Cerebellar Nuclei, Cerebellum, Cognition, Globus Pallidus, Memory, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Thalamic Nuclei, Prefrontal Cortex, Herpesvirus 1, Human
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