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Cited by 521Hepatitis B Virus StudiesHepatitis C virus researchLiver Disease and Transplantation

Risks of chronicity following acute hepatitis B virus infection: a review.

Hyams, K. C.·1995·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/clinids/20.4.992
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Abstract

A bibliographic search was conducted of English-language articles dealing with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to evaluate the risk of chronicity following acute infection. Chronic HBV infection was defined as carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for at least 6 months. On the basis of incidence studies employing standard serological test methods, the highest risk (80%-90%) of chronic infection was found to be among infected neonates born to hepatitis B e antigen-positive carrier mothers. Of children infected before 6 years of age, chronic infection was reported to develop in approximately 30%. A relatively wide range of risks (< 1%-12%) was found among diverse populations of older children and adults. However, most of the 10 identified incidence studies of generally healthy adults indicated that the risk of chronicity is very low: < or = 5% in eight studies. In addition, the pooled incidence of chronicity was < 5% among two different adult population groups: initially uninfected subjects, who usually experienced asymptomatic infection, and patients presenting with acute hepatitis B. In addition to the primary influence of age, the studies revealed a higher risk of chronic HBV infection among males and among patients with impaired immunity due to various causes.

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  • Risk for chronic infection is inversely related to age at acquisition; approximately 90% of infected infants and 30% of infected children aged <5 years become chronically infected, compared with 2%-6% of persons who become infected as adults.

    “Risk for chronic infection is inversely related to age at acquisition; approximately 90% of infected infants and 30% of infected children aged <5 years become chronically infected, compared with 2%–6% of persons who become infected as adults (1312).”

    From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1312]

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Authors
Hyams, K. C.
Affiliations
Naval Medical Research Command (US)
Corresponding author
Hyams, K. C.
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1995-04-01
Volume
20
Issue
4
Pages
992-1000
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1093/clinids/20.4.992
OpenAlex
W2146292357
Cited by
521
References
107
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 26
FWCI
4.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis C virus research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
Keywords
chronic hepatitis B, acute hepatitis B, hepatitis B, HBsAg carriage, vertical transmission, mother-to-child transmission, HBeAg, age at infection, sex differences, immunocompromised patients, asymptomatic infection
MeSH terms
Acute Disease, Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis, Chronic, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies

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