The cytoplasmic domain of the LDL receptor-related protein regulates multiple steps in APP processing

Pietrzik, Claus U.; Busse, Tracy; Merriam, David E.; Weggen, Sascha; Koo, Edward H.

doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf568

Cited by 198Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsCellular transport and secretionNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

The cytoplasmic domain of the LDL receptor-related protein regulates multiple steps in APP processing

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Pietrzik, Claus U., Busse, Tracy, Merriam, David E., Weggen, Sascha, Koo, Edward H.·2002·The EMBO Journal

DOI 10.1093/emboj/cdf568PMC PMC131065

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Abstract

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) has recently been implicated in numerous intracellular signaling functions, as well as in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Studies have shown that the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) interacts with LRP and that this association may impact the production of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta). In this report, we provide evidence that LRP regulates trafficking of intracellular proteins independently of its lipoprotein receptor functions. We show that in the absence of LRP, Abeta production, APP secretion, APP internalization, turnover of full-length APP and stability of APP C-terminal fragments are affected. Importantly, these changes are not APP isoform dependent. Using deletion constructs, the critical region in LRP that modulates APP processing was mapped to a seven peptide domain around the second NPXY domain (residues 4504-4510). Therefore, we propose a model by which LRP functionally modulates APP processing, including those steps critical for Abeta production, through interactions of the cytosolic domains.

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Unlike LDLR, LRP1 is an APP binding protein that influences APP endocytic trafficking and cellular distribution such that processing to Aβ and its extracellular release is enhanced.
“For example, unlike LDLR, LRP1 is an APP binding protein that influences APP endocytic trafficking and cellular distribution such that processing to Aβ and its extracellular release is enhanced (Pietrzik et al., 2002; Ulery et al., 2000).”
From Overexpression of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor in the Brain Markedly Inhibits Amyloid Deposition and Increases Extracellular Aβ Clearance (2009) · cites this paper as Pietrzik et al., 2002
The Discussion (page not specified) reports that LRP affects APP internalization, trafficking, and the generation and release of Aβ; Aβ levels were markedly lower without LRP. It also describes an APP–LRP association, but says that it is probably not direct binding. The passages do not establish the claimed contrast with LDLR. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
LRP1 is known to increase production of Aβ peptide.
“Since LRP1 is known to increase the production of Aβ peptide (Ulery et al., 2000; Pietrzik et al., 2002), LRP1-deficient cell lines were chosen to eliminate any possible contribution of LRP1 to this process.”
From LRAD3, A Novel Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Family Member That Modulates Amyloid Precursor Protein Trafficking (2011) · cites this paper as Pietrzik et al., 2002

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LRP in Amyloid‐β Production and Metabolism
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Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1 Promotes β1 Integrin Maturation and Transport to the Cell Surface
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Trafficking in Alzheimer’s Disease: Modulation of APP Transport and Processing by the Transmembrane Proteins LRP1, SorLA, SorCS1c, Sortilin, and Calsyntenin
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Extensive proteomic screening identifies the obesity-related NYGGF4 protein as a novel LRP1-interactor, showing reduced expression in early Alzheimer's disease
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APP interacts with LRP4 and Agrin to coordinate the development of the neuromuscular junction in mice
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Endothelial LRP1 – A Potential Target for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Low Density Receptor-Related Protein 1 Interactions With the Extracellular Matrix: More Than Meets the Eye
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FE65 interaction with the ApoE receptor ApoEr2
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Interactions of the NPXY microdomains of the low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1
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Loss of γ-Secretase Function Impairs Endocytosis of Lipoprotein Particles and Membrane Cholesterol Homeostasis
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Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP) Interacts with Presenilin 1 and Is a Competitive Substrate of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) for γ-Secretase
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The generation and function of soluble apoE receptors in the CNS
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LDL Receptor‐Related Proteins in Neurodevelopment
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LRP1 modulates APP trafficking along early compartments of the secretory pathway
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Microglial low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 modulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation
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A fragment of the scaffolding protein RanBP9 is increased in Alzheimer's disease brains and strongly potentiates amyloid‐β peptide generation
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APP Processing and the APP-KPI Domain Involvement in the Amyloid Cascade
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Genomics of Dementia:APOE- andCYP2D6-Related Pharmacogenetics
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LRP-1: Functions, Signaling and Implications in Kidney and Other Diseases
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Receptor-associated Protein Interacts with Amyloid-β Peptide and Promotes Its Cellular Uptake
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Apolipoprotein E/Amyloid-β Complex Accumulates in Alzheimer Disease Cortical Synapses via Apolipoprotein E Receptors and Is Enhanced by APOE4
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PCSK9 acts as a key regulator of Aβ clearance across the blood–brain barrier
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“Rabbit anti-1704 antibody was used to identify the LRP1 β-chain [46].”
MethodSelf-citation
Concepts for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms and clinical application
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Self-citation
LRP1 is critical for the surface distribution and internalization of the NR2B NMDA receptor subtype
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Pathogenic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease
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LRAD3, A Novel Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Family Member That Modulates Amyloid Precursor Protein Trafficking
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“The association of LRP with APP alters its cellular trafficking, resulting in an increase in the production of the A peptide (Ulery et al., 2000; Pietrzik et al., 2002, 2004), and thus LRP1 has been implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease.”
BackgroundMethod
Impact of late-onset Alzheimer’s genetic risk factors on beta-amyloid endocytic production
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Oxidative stress resistance in hippocampal cells is associated with altered membrane fluidity and enhanced nonamyloidogenic cleavage of endogenous amyloid precursor protein
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Pivotal role of RanBP9 in integrin‐dependent focal adhesion signaling and assembly
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Brain endothelial LRP1 maintains blood–brain barrier integrity
Storck, S. E., Kurtyka, M., & Pietrzik, C. U. (2021) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-021-00260-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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Targeting ApoE4/ApoE receptor LRP1 in Alzheimer's disease
Martiskainen, H., Haapasalo, A., Kurkinen, K. M. A., Pihlajamäki, J., Soininen, H. S., & Hiltunen, M. O. (2013) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.2013.789862 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Amyloid Precursor-like Protein 1 Influences Endocytosis and Proteolytic Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein
Neumann, S., Schöbel, S., Jäger, S., Trautwein, A., Haass, C., Pietrzik, C. U., & Lichtenthaler, S. F. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m508340200 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
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Data-driven modeling of Alzheimer Disease pathogenesis
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Modulation of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing by the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP)
Ulery, P. G., Beers, J., Mikhailenko, I., Tanzi, R. E., Rebeck, G. W., Hyman, B. T., & Strickland, D. K. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.10.7410 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Sequences from the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP) Cytoplasmic Domain Enhance Amyloid β Protein Production via the β-Secretase Pathway without Altering Amyloid Precursor Protein/LRP Nuclear Signaling
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Self-citation
C‐terminal 37 residues of LRP promote the amyloidogenic processing of APP independent of FE65
Lakshmana, M. K., Chen, E., Yoon, I., & Kang, D. E. (2008) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00320.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rapid Endocytosis of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein Modulates Cell Surface Distribution and Processing of the β-Amyloid Precursor Protein
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P3–247: Functional consequences of LRP expression on familiar Alzheimer disease APP mutations
Jaeger, S., Rogge, B. S., Weggen, S., Koo, E. H., & Pietrzik, C. U. (2006) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1516
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Authors: Pietrzik, C. U., Busse, T., Merriam, D. E., Weggen, S., & Koo, E. H.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Koo, Edward H.
ORCID: Pietrzik, Claus U.
Weggen, Sascha
Venue: The EMBO Journal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2002-11-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 21
Pages: 5691-5700
ISSN: 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
1460-2075
DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf568
PMC: PMC131065
OpenAlex: W2069323313
Cited by: 198
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 8.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: American Health Assistance Foundation
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (AG 12376, R01AG012376)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, APP processing, amyloid precursor protein, amyloid-beta production, APP secretion, APP C-terminal fragments, NPXY motif, cytoplasmic domain, Alzheimer's disease, protein trafficking
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Line, Cytoplasm, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fibroblasts, Precipitin Tests, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Blotting, Western, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, DNA, Complementary, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1, Mice

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The cytoplasmic domain of the LDL receptor-related protein regulates multiple steps in APP processing

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