Role of LRP1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from clinical and preclinical studies

Shinohara, Mitsuru; Tachibana, Masaya; Kanekiyo, Takahisa; Bu, Guojun

doi:10.1194/jlr.r075796

Cited by 309Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Role of LRP1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from clinical and preclinical studies

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Shinohara, Mitsuru, Tachibana, Masaya, Kanekiyo, Takahisa, Bu, Guojun·2017·Journal of Lipid Research

DOI 10.1194/jlr.r075796PMC PMC5496044

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Abstract

receptor 2 (apoER2), sortilin-related receptor (SorLA/ LR11), LRP5, and LRP6.These receptors have distinct physiological or pathophysiolgical roles, likely due to differences in their affinity to ligands, protein stability, endocytosis rate, signaling potency, cellular localization, and tissue expression pattern.While these receptors bind diverse extracellular ligands, some of them recognize key molecules in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as apoE and amyloid- peptides (As) for cellular trafficking and/or signaling pathways.Given that the 4 allele of the APOE gene (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD among the three human alleles (2, 3, and 4), the potential contributions of LDLR family members to AD development have attracted great interest by many laboratories around the world for over two decades (1, 2).Cumulative evidence from preclinical studies using cellular or animal studies indicates that LDLR family members can contribute to AD pathogenesis through modulating A accumulation or neurodegenerative processes.However, as there are currently no complete cellular or animal models that can recapitulate all pathological features of AD, parallel understanding between cellular/animal studies and human studies is necessary to define the specific role of any molecule in AD pathogenesis.Herein, among the LDLR family members, we comprehensively discuss the roles of LRP1 in AD pathogenesis by reviewing both preclinical studies using cellular/animal models, and clinical studies analyzing human samples/cohorts.We will specifically review current knowledge regarding: 1) LRP1 expression during AD progression, 2) contribution of Abstract Among the LDL receptor (LDLR) family members, the roles of LDLR-related protein (LRP)1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially late-onset AD, have been the most studied by genetic, neuropathological, and biomarker analyses (clinical studies) or cellular and animal model systems (preclinical studies) over the last 25 years.Although there are some conflicting reports, accumulating evidence from preclinical studies indicates that LRP1 not only regulates the metabolism of amyloid- peptides (As) in the brain and periphery, but also maintains brain homeostasis, impairment of which likely contributes to AD development in A-independent manners.Several preclinical studies have also demonstrated an involvement of LRP1 in regulating the pathogenic role of apoE, whose gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD.Nonetheless, evidence from clinical studies is not sufficient to conclude how LRP1 contributes to AD development.Thus, despite very promising results from preclinical studies, the role of LRP1 in AD pathogenesis remains to be further clarified.In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying how LRP1 affects AD pathogenesis through A-dependent and -independent pathways by reviewing both clinical and preclinical studies.We also discuss potential therapeutic strategies for AD by targeting LRP1.-Shinohara,M., M. Tachibana, T. Kanekiyo, and G. Bu.Role of LRP1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from clinical and preclinical studies.

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These pathways highlight how neuronal and glial interactions modulate microglial activity through Apoe, App, Trem2, and Lrp1.
“These pathways highlight how neuronal and glial interactions modulate microglial activity through Apoe, App, Trem2, and Lrp1 [Krasemann et al., 2017; Lin & Holtzman 2024; Shinohara et al., 2017].”
From Cell signaling pathways discovery from multi-modal data (2025) · cites this paper as Shinohara et al., 2017
The sections on LRP1 and Aβ metabolism and on Aβ-independent pathways describe LRP1-mediated amyloid uptake in microglia and astrocytes, and LRP1’s relationship with neuronal APP. The apoE section also describes astrocyte-derived apoE-containing particles acting through neuronal LRP1. These passages support some of the named cellular pathways, but they do not establish the claimed modulation of microglial activity through all four genes; in particular, they do not address TREM2. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Lrp1 binds to Apoe-containing lipoproteins and facilitates endocytosis and degradation of Aβ.
“Lrp1 binds to Apoe-containing lipoproteins and facilitates the endocytosis and degradation of Aβ [Tachibana et al., 2019; Shinohara et al., 2017].”
From Cell signaling pathways discovery from multi-modal data (2025) · cites this paper as Shinohara et al., 2017
The Structural and Functional Features section identifies apoE as an LRP1 ligand, and the LRP1 and Aβ Metabolism section reports LRP1-mediated uptake and clearance of Aβ. But the Fig. 2 discussion says whether internalized Aβ is degraded in lysosomes depends on context; the claim presents degradation without that qualification. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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The Apoe-Lrp1 pathway is essential for lipid transport and Aβ clearance across the blood-brain barrier.
“Additionally, the Apoe-Lrp1 pathway is essential for lipid transport and Aβ clearance across the blood-brain barrier.”
From Cell signaling pathways discovery from multi-modal data (2025) · cites this paper as Shinohara et al., 2017
The 'LRP1 AND apoE IN AD PATHOGENESIS' section says the apoE–LRP1 pathway may supply cholesterol and lipids to neurons, not transport them across the blood–brain barrier. The 'LRP1 AND Aβ METABOLISM' section reports evidence for LRP1-mediated Aβ transport at the barrier but also reports a study that did not find it. The review therefore does not establish that the apoE–LRP1 pathway is essential for both processes across the barrier. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Astrocytic LRP1 Mediates Brain Aβ Clearance and Impacts Amyloid Deposition
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SRF and myocardin regulate LRP-mediated amyloid-β clearance in brain vascular cells
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The Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (LRP) Is a Novel β-Secretase (BACE1) Substrate
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Apolipoprotein E-containing high density lipoprotein promotes neurite outgrowth and is a ligand for the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein.
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Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycan and the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 Constitute Major Pathways for Neuronal Amyloid-β Uptake
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Systemic Catabolism of Alzheimer's Aβ40 and Aβ42
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The Second and Fourth Cluster of Class A Cysteine-rich Repeats of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein Share Ligand-binding Properties
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Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 Mediates Amyloid-β-Mediated Cell Death of Cerebrovascular Cells
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Testing the Neurovascular Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease: LRP-1 Antisense Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Clearance, Increases Brain Levels of Amyloid-β Protein, and Impairs Cognition
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α2‐Macroglobulin Enhances the Clearance of Endogenous Soluble β‐Amyloid Peptide via Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor‐Related Protein in Cortical Neuron
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The low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is processed by furin in vivo and in vitro
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Cell surface APP751 forms complexes with protease nexin 2 ligands and is internalized via the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)
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Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP1) Forms a Signaling Complex with Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor-β in Endosomes and Regulates Activation of the MAPK Pathway
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LRP1 Has a Predominant Role in Production over Clearance of Aβ in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
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TLR Crosstalk Activates LRP1 to Recruit Rab8a and PI3Kγ for Suppression of Inflammatory Responses
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Low-dose pioglitazone can ameliorate learning and memory impairment in a mouse model of dementia by increasing LRP1 expression in the hippocampus
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Lipoprotein Receptors in Alzheimer´s Disease: Beyond Lipoprotein Transport
(2013) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9781608054954113010012
Untitled work
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Is the LDL receptor-related protein involved in Alzheimer's disease?
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Authors: Shinohara, M., Tachibana, M., Kanekiyo, T., & Bu, G.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Shinohara, Mitsuru
ORCID: Shinohara, Mitsuru
Tachibana, Masaya
Kanekiyo, Takahisa
Bu, Guojun
Venue: Journal of Lipid Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-07
Volume: 58
Issue: 7
Pages: 1267-1281
ISSN: 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r075796
PMC: PMC5496044
OpenAlex: W2605039207
Cited by: 297
References: 184
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7
FWCI: 1.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 1168 d)
Locations: Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (P50AG016574, RF1AG051504, R01AG027924, R01AG035355, R01AG046205, P01NS074969)
Cure Alzheimer’s Fund
Naito Foundation
BrightFocus Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: LRP1, Alzheimer's disease, LDL receptor family, amyloid-beta metabolism, APOE ε4, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta deposition, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, brain homeostasis, APOE ε4 carriers
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Humans, Biomarkers, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1, Molecular Targeted Therapy

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Role of LRP1 in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: evidence from clinical and preclinical studies

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