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Predicting Cross-National Levels of Social Trust: Global Pattern or Nordic Exceptionalism?

Delhey, Jan, Newton, Kenneth·2005·European Sociological Review

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Abstract

This analysis of variations in the level of generalized social trust (defined here as the belief that others will not deliberately or knowingly do us harm, if they can avoid it, and will look after our interests, if this is possible) in 60 nations of the world shows that trust is an integral part of a tight syndrome of social, political and economic conditions. High trust countries are characterized by ethnic homogeneity, Protestant religious traditions, good government, wealth (gross domestic product per capita), and income equality. This combination is most marked in the high trust Nordic countries but the same general pattern is found in the remaining 55 countries, albeit in a weaker form. Rural societies have comparatively low levels of generalized trust but large-scale urban societies do not. Cause and effect relations are impossible to specify exactly but ethnic homogeneity and Protestant traditions seem to have a direct impact on trust, and an indirect one through their consequences for good government, wealth and income equality. The importance of ethnic homogeneity also suggests that the difference between particularized and generalized trust may be one of degree rather than kind.

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“However, Turkey with consistently low levels of (generalized) trust (World Values Survey 2014) proves to be an anomaly among other countries, and might be considered one of the least ‘trusty’ societies in the world (Diez Medrano 2013), having ‘almost no trust’ (Delhey and Newton 2005).”
Background
Trust in post‐conflict life: Evidence from a conflict zone in Pakistan
Ali, M., Khan, K., & Meo, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Public Affairs · doi:10.1002/pa.2403 · Cited by 6
Auditing, Trust, and the Social Contract
Rothstein, B. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780192894908.003.0007 · Cited by 4
Education and science in Russia: state and development potential. Yearbook. Issue 5
Arefiev, P. А. (2020) · Obrazovanie i nauka v Rossii: sostoânie i potencial razvitiâ · doi:10.19181/obrnaukru.2020 · Cited by 4
Organization development and cultural values of trust in international contexts
Thanetsunthorn, N. (2021) · Review of International Business and Strategy · doi:10.1108/ribs-04-2021-0054 · Cited by 4
Using player types to understand cooperative behaviour under economic and sociocultural heterogeneity in common-pool resources: Evidence from lab experiments and agent-based models
van Klingeren, F. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268616 · Cited by 4
The civic crime of corruption: Citizen networks and public sector bribery in the non-democracies
Zaloznaya, M. (2022) · Theoretical Criminology · doi:10.1177/13624806221099105 · Cited by 5
“Such ties span socioeconomic, racial, and religious divisions, inspire generalized trust and reciprocity (Delhey and Newton, 2005: 313), raise civic awareness (Rothstein, 2011), and reduce transaction costs of civic behavior (Coleman, 1988).”
Background
The Influence of Interpersonal Trust on Rural Residents’ Willingness to Participate in Mutual Aid for the Aged: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Survey Data of Hubei and Henan Provinces
Liu, B., & Yong-yong, S. (2022) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2022/2366425 · Cited by 4
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Li, M. (2022) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12556 · Cited by 4
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Aaboen, L., Haneberg, D. H., Jakobsen, S., et al. (2022) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781800881150.00007 · Cited by 4
Integration, culture, and trust: A case study of minority integration in Israeli academy
Ben-Malka, R., Hadad, S., & Megidish, R. (2023) · Journal of Trust Research · doi:10.1080/21515581.2023.2167825 · Cited by 4
“In summary, people tend to trust members of their own ethnic group and distrust members of other groups (Alesina & La Ferrara, 2002; Costa & Kahn, 2003; Delhey & Newton, 2005; Rice & Steele, 2001) or, that both in-group and out-group trust are depressed by ethnic heterogeneity (Putnam, 2007).”
Background
Jóléti rezsimek és a bizalom kapcsolata
Vit, E. (2018) · Socio hu · doi:10.18030/socio.hu.2018.2.45 · Cited by 4
Generalized trust and diversity in the classroom: A longitudinal study of Romanian adolescents
Bădescu, G., & Sum, P. E. (2015) · Communist and Post-Communist Studies · doi:10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.01.004 · Cited by 4
The Reaction Towards White Collar Crime: When White Collar Crime Matters
Larsson, D. (2013) · The Open Criminology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874917801306010001 · Cited by 4
The Role of Political Institutions in a Comparative Perspective
Freitag, M. (2009) · Cited by 4
Peace Building in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Effects of Ingroup Identification, Outgroup Trust and Intergroup Forgiveness on Intergroup Contact
Leonard, M. A., Damjanovic, B., Šimić, G., & Marshall, G. A. (2016) · Peace and Conflict Studies · doi:10.46743/1082-7307/2016.1311 · Cited by 4
Vriendschappen tussen jong en oud in 25 Europese landen
Dykstra, P. A., & Fleischmann, M. S. (2016) · Mens en Maatschappij · doi:10.5117/mem2016.2.dyks · Cited by 4
“Het BBP per capita vertoont een positieve samenhang met vertrouwen op nationaal niveau (Delhey & Newton, 2005) en met de mate van individualisme in een land (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010).”
Background

Authors: Delhey, J., & Newton, K.
Affiliations: WZB Berlin Social Science Center (DE)
University of Southampton (GB)
ORCID: Delhey, Jan
Venue: European Sociological Review
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2005-06-06
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 311-327
ISSN: 0266-7215 (ISSN-L)
1468-2672
DOI: 10.1093/esr/jci022
OpenAlex: W2062841522
Semantic Scholar: a6d11bebc50daf14e2d5b9849ca4dc9cdd5d05f9
Cited by: 1,267
References: 67
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 80 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 68.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: European Sociological Review (publishedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Social Policy and Reform Studies
Keywords: generalized trust, cross-national variation, ethnic homogeneity, Protestantism, good government, wealth, income equality, urbanization, particularized trust, Nordic exceptionalism, determinants of trust

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Predicting Cross-National Levels of Social Trust: Global Pattern or Nordic Exceptionalism?

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