Determinants of generalized trust: a cross-country comparison
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Protestantism imbued societal interactions with a nonhierarchical quality that allowed social trust to flourish.
“imbued societal interactions with a nonhierarchical quality that allowed social trust to flourish [33,34]”
From Trust, transparency, and openness: How inclusion of cultural values shapes Nordic national public policy strategies for artificial intelligence (AI) (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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Trust and compliance to public health policies in times of COVID-19
Bargain, O., & Aminjonov, U. (2020) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104316 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
“Growing evidence suggest that trust attitudes, like other cultural traits, can persist for surprisingly long periods of time at national and sub-national levels (Bjørnskov, 2007), with regional differences shaped by past political and social developments (Tabellini, 2010).”
What Have We Learned About Generalized Trust, If Anything?
Nannestad, P. (2008) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060606.135412 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
“…to correlate acceptably well across countries with a number of indicators of levels of trustworthiness, such as the proportion of wallets returned intact in wallet-dropping experiments (Bjørnskov 2007), or the prevalence of corruption (Uslaner 2002) and of violent crime (Lederman et al. 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialTrust and the Provision of Trade Credit
Wu, W., Firth, M. A., & Rui, O. M. (2013) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.11.019 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Trust and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China
Li, X., Wang, S. S., & Wang, X. (2016) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.12.003 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
“A stream of he existing literature attempts to explain the sources of crash isk through financial market mechanisms, from the leverage efect 6 ( Black, 1976; Christie, 1982 ) to the volatility feedback effect 7 Pindyck, 1984; French et al., 1987; Campbell and Hentschel, 1992 ) o the stochastic bubbles model 8 ( Blanch…”
BackgroundGlobal Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance
Ferry, L., & Murphy, P. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Diversity, Social Capital, and Cohesion
Portes, A., & Vickstrom, E. R. (2011) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150022 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
“Bjørnskov (2007) draws, for example, on the World Values Survey and the Danish Social Capital Survey to show that ethnic heterogeneity across 76 countries is not significantly related to the proportion of a country’s respondents identified as trusting, a finding that is confirmed by a study with…”
BackgroundSpheres of trust: An empirical analysis of the foundations of particularised and generalised trust
Freitag, M., & Traunmüller, R. (2009) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.00849.x · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Ethnic Diversity and Generalized Trust in Europe
Hooghe, M., Reeskens, T., Stolle, D., & Trappers, A. (2008) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414008325286 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
“Based on the literature, we also expect that highly educated people and those with a steady form of employment or a secure income will tend to be more trusting (Bjørnskov, 2006).”
BackgroundHow Does Social Trust Affect Economic Growth?
Bjørnskov, C. (2012) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.4284/0038-4038-78.4.1346 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Robinson, S. C. (2020) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101421 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Murtin, F., Fleischer, L., Siegerink, V., Aassve, A., Algan, Y., Boarini, R., González, S., Lonti, Z., Grimalda, G. F., Hortalà-Vallvé, R., et al. (2018) · OECD statistics working papers · doi:10.1787/869ef2ec-en · Cited by 311 · see citing works
“Similar patterns have been found in other countries (Bjørnskov, 2006; Helliwell and Wang, 2010).”
ResultOECD Guidelines on Measuring Trust
OECD (2017) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/9789264278219-en · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Helliwell, J. F., & Wang, S. (2011) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v1i1.3 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“Algan and Cahuc (2010) and Bjørnskov (2006) show that national-level social trust is remarkably stable over time.”
Social Trust and Fractionalization: A Possible Reinterpretation
Bjornskov, C. (2008) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcn004 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Historical Trust Levels Predict the Current Size of the Welfare State
Bergh, A., & Bjørnskov, C. (2011) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6435.2010.00492.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works
“Indeed, Bjørnskov (2007) confirms that populations in monarchies are significantly more trusting.”
Bjørnskov, C. (2009) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-009-9522-z · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“As the set of instrumental variables estimates in Bjornskov (2007a) reject the opposite causal direction,”
BackgroundINEQUALITY AND TRUST: NEW EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA
Barone, G., & Mocetti, S. (2015) · Economic Inquiry · doi:10.1111/ecin.12309 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
“Bergh and Bjørnskov (2011) show that countries with higher trust levels are more prone to have larger welfare states so reducing inequality; alternatively one may argue that higher trust might lead to better institutions and better-performing markets and these, in turn, might favour a more equitable income generation…”
InfluentialDinesen, P. T. (2011) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcr044 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“Empirically the cultural perspective has found considerable support in studies showing a high degree of stability in trust over time across nations (Bjørnskov, 2006) as well as over the life course of individuals (Claibourn and Martin, 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRisk, Cooperation and the Economic origins of social Trust: an empirical InvestigationPreprint
Durante, R. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1576774 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“At the national and sub-national levels, for example, trust scores are remarkably stable over several decades (Bjørnskov, 2007). At the individual level, this persistence is generally attributed to intergenerational transmission operating through genetics, imitation, or deliberate inculcation by parents. This view is…”
InfluentialRiedl, R., & Javor, A. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Psychology and Economics · doi:10.1037/a0026318 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Fungáčová, Z., Hasan, I., & Weill, L. (2017) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2017.08.014 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“Bjornskov (2007) builds on Max Weber’s insight that general trust should be higher in non-hierarchical religions that promote a sense of individualized responsibility.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCombating Corruption: On the Interplay between Institutional Quality and Social Trust
Bjørnskov, C. (2011) · The Journal of Law and Economics · doi:10.1086/652421 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“Both points are emphasized in Bjørnskov (2007a) that show how few results from the previous literature on the determinants of social trust survive addressing these problems. as the latter is correlated with GDP per capita (r=.47 in the present sample).”
InfluentialBerggren, N., & Bjørnskov, C. (2011) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.05.002 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“…Uslaner (2002) finds that social trust as opposed to particularized trust must be defined as the expectation that most people can be trusted to follow a set of common norms, i.e. as trust “being extended to people on whom the trusting part has no direct information” (Bjørnskov, 2007, 2).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEthnic Diversity, Segregation and Ethnocentric Trust in Africa
Robinson, A. L. (2017) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123417000540 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“25 Alesina and La Ferrara 2002; Bjørnskov 2007; Delhey and Newton 2005; Dincer 2011; Hooghe et al. 2009; Putnam 2007; Stolle, Soroka, and Johnston 2008.”
BackgroundResultDo Natural Disasters Enhance Societal Trust?
Toya, H., & Skidmore, M. L. (2013) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.12053 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“As noted by Bjørnskov (2006), measures of trust are quite stable over time.”
InfluentialDoes Economic Freedom Foster Tolerance?
Berggren, N., & Nilsson, T. (2013) · Kyklos · doi:10.1111/kykl.12017 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“…those who do not follow the dictates of the 19 Although this measure has been criticized for its vagueness, a number of studies show that respondents perceive this question as a measure of trust in people in general (Bjørnskov 2007, 2010; Newton 2007). prelates (cf. Klosko 2000 and Bjørnskov 2007).”
BackgroundDoes education lead to higher generalized trust? The importance of quality of government
Charron, N., & Rothstein, B. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Development · doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.05.009 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Is trust the missing root of institutions, education, and development?
Bjørnskov, C., & Méon, P. (2013) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-013-0069-7 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Monarchs may thus provide a role model, and contribute to keeping adverse tendencies under control, in a way that other types of regime, such as temporary presidencies, are unable to do (Bjørnskov, 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialCross-national differences in entrepreneurial activity: role of culture and institutional factors
Dheer, R. J. S. (2016) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9816-8 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Traunmuller, R. (2011) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcq011 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Nannestad, P., Svendsen, G. T., Dinesen, P. T., & Sønderskov, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2013.830499 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“In contrast, authors like Putnam (1993), Inglehart (1997), Uslaner (2002), Knack (2003) and Bjørnskov (2007) claim that social trust is basically a cultural feature of society, in the sense that it is considered a deep-held value, which is transmitted across generations through socialisation…”
BackgroundRumor Has It: The Adoption of Unverified Information in Conflict Zones
Greenhill, K. M., & Oppenheim, B. (2017) · International Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1093/isq/sqx015 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Does inequality erode social trust? Results from multilevel models of US states and counties
Fairbrother, M., & Martin, I. W. (2012) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.09.008 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Trust, welfare states and income equality: Sorting out the causality
Bergh, A., & Bjørnskov, C. (2014) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.06.002 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“Trust is trendless in most other countries (Bjørnskov, 2007; Uslaner, 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNorris, P. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197530108.001.0001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Dinesen, P. T., & Hooghe, M. (2010) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2010.00822.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“Second, as trusting societies also tend to be more equal not least in economic terms (Uslaner, 2002; Bjørnskov, 2006), the positive influence on trust of moving to a high-trust country may stem from feelings of equality of opportunity and greater social solidarity.”
BackgroundInfluentialDoes social trust determine the size of the welfare state? Evidence using historical identification
Bjørnskov, C., & Svendsen, G. T. (2012) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-012-9944-x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Bjørnskov, C., & Méon, P.-G. (2015) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.01.015 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“While recent studies of the determinants of trust suggest that trust is not associated with ethnic diversity (Anderson and Paskeviciute, 2006; Bjørnskov, 2007), we nonetheless make sure that the association between trust and TFP is not driven by a simple accounting issue by controlling for the size…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSocial Trust: Fairness Matters More Than Homogeneity
You, J. (2012) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00893.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Corruption and Sustainable Development
Aidt, T. S. (2011) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9780857936523.00007 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Cross-Country Evidence on the Relationship between Societal Trust and Risk-Taking by Banks
Kanagaretnam, K., Lobo, G. J., Wang, C., & Whalen, D. J. (2018) · Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis · doi:10.1017/s0022109018000455 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Sønderskov, K. M. (2010) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcq017 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Social trust and the growth of schooling
Bjørnskov, C. (2008) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2006.09.013 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Horváth, R. (2012) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2012.10.006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“Closely related literature examines the importance of trust in large organizations (La Porta et al. (1997)), measuring trust using experiments (Glaeser et al., 2000) or the determinants of trust (Alesina and La Ferrara, 2002, or Bjornskov, 2006).”
BackgroundApp Popularity: Where in the World are Consumers Most Sensitive to Price and User Ratings?
Kübler, R. V., Pauwels, K. H., Yildirim, G., & Fandrich, T. (2018) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1509/jm.16.0140 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Improving generalizations from multi-country comparisons in international business research
Franke, G. R., & Richey, R. G., Jr. (2010) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2010.21 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Trust and growth: a shaky relationship
Berggren, N., Elinder, M., & Jordahl, H. (2007) · Empirical Economics · doi:10.1007/s00181-007-0158-x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“Renquin is an honor code that entails a negative attitude towards being in debt, both socially and financially, which Buchan and Croson (2004) see as a special and important influence on cooperation and trust. Guanxi denotes personal networks that, according to King (1991), also fill an important function for cooperat…”
Li, S., & Wu, J. (2010) · Review of International Political Economy · doi:10.1080/09692290802577446 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Modularity and intellectual property protection
Baldwin, C. Y., & Henkel, J. (2014) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.2303 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Identifying Social Trust in Cross-Country Analysis: Do We Really Measure the Same?
Torpe, L., & Lolle, H. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9713-5 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“On the other hand, it has been argued that the question reasonably captures the underlying theoretical concept of ‘‘trust in strangers’’; that the results have proven to be stable over time on the aggregate level; and that they are in accordance with other measurements of trust (Uslaner 2002; Bjornskov 2006 ).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWitchcraft beliefs and the erosion of social capital: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond
Gershman, B. (2015) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.11.005 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Danish Exceptionalism: Explaining the Unique Increase in Social Trust Over the Past 30 Years
Sønderskov, K. M., & Dinesen, P. T. (2014) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcu073 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“…diversity, and the quality of state institutions are often emphasized as important explanations (Brehm and Rahn, 1997; Delhey and Newton, 2003, 2005; Rothstein and Uslaner 2005; Bjørnskov, 2006, 2008; Rothstein and Stolle, 2008; Dinesen and Sønderskov, 2012a; Dinesen, 2013; Nannestad et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialCultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe
Bisin, A., Manning, A., Manning, A., & Verdier, T. (2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199660094.001.0001 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Consumer trust in banking relationships in Europe
Järvinen, R. (2014) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-08-2013-0086 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Effect of Income on Trust: Evidence from the 2009 Economic Crisis in Russia
Ananyev, M., & Guriev, S. M. (2018) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/ecoj.12612 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Other scholars sometimes use the term “generalised trust” to denote the same phenomenon (Bjørnskov, 2007; Prize et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInstitutional Quality and Generalized Trust: A Nonrecursive Causal Model
Robbins, B. G. (2011) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9838-1 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“While some research does address this issue, such as Berggren and Jordahl (2006), Bergh and Bjornskov (2011), Bjornskov (2007, 2010) , Brehm and Rahn (1997), Knack (2002), Paxton (2002), and Tabellini (2007), very little of this work uses structural equation models to reach a verdict concerning the relationship betwee…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCommunity trust reduces myopic decisions of low-income individuals
Jachimowicz, J., Chafik, S., Munrat, S., Prabhu, J., & Weber, E. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1617395114 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“Although this single-item, dichotomous measure of generalized trust is problematic (29), studies have found it to be related to other valid and relevant variables (30, 31).”
BackgroundGlobalization and the Transmission of Social Values: The Case of Tolerance
Berggren, N., & Nilsson, T. (2014) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2015.02.005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“The two religion variables capture shares of people who belong to a hierarchical religion, and it could be that identification with such a religion tends to decrease tolerance of those who do not follow the dictates of the prelates (Klosko, 2000; Bjørnskov, 2007).”
BackgroundExplaining large- N cooperation: Generalized social trust and the social exchange heuristic
Sønderskov, K. M. (2011) · Rationality and Society · doi:10.1177/1043463110396058 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Microfinance Performance and Social Capital: A Cross-Country Analysis
Postelnicu, L., & Hermes, N. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3326-0 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Lee, A. H. (2022) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-022-09787-1 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Trust in financial institutions: A survey
van der Cruijsen, C. A. B., de Haan, J., & Roerink, R. (2021) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12468 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Experimental evidence on payments for forest commons conservation
Andersson, K. P., Cook, N. J., Grillos, T., López, M. C., Salk, C. F., Wright, G. D., & Mwangi, E. (2018) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-018-0034-z · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Ram, R. (2008) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-008-9372-0 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Life satisfaction (happiness) variables Bjornskov et al. (2007) data (SWL) 42.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSocial trust and central-bank independence
Berggren, N., Daunfeldt, S., & Hellström, J. (2013) · European Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.10.002 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Bjørnskov (2010) shows empirically that public officials are more honest and therefore more trustworthy in societies with high trust.”
InfluentialAn integrative approach to the gender gap in entrepreneurship across nations
Dheer, R. J. S., Li, M., & Treviño, L. J. (2019) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101004 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Yamamura, E. (2010) · Regional Studies · doi:10.1080/00343400903365144 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Trust: What it is and Why it Matters for Governance and Education
Černá, L. (2014) · OECD education working papers · doi:10.1787/5jxswcg0t6wl-en · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Marketization process predicts trust decline in China
Xin, Z., & Xin, S. (2017) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2017.07.001 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Social capital and public libraries: The need for research
Vårheim, A. (2007) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2007.04.009 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The not so dark side of trust: Does trust increase the size of the shadow economy?
D’Hernoncourt, J., & Méon, P. (2011) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.09.010 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Martel, F., Greve, B., Rothstein, B., & Saari, J. (2020) · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The paradox of weak ties in 55 countries
Gee, L., Jones, J. J., Fariss, C. J., Burke, M., & Fowler, J. H. (2016) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2016.12.004 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Diversity and trust: The role of shared values
Beugelsdijk, S., & Klasing, M. J. (2015) · Journal of Comparative Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jce.2015.10.014 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Trust and Financial Crisis Experiences
van der Cruijsen, C. A. B., de Haan, J., & Jansen, D. (2015) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0984-8 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“For instance, Bjørnskov (2007) considers several potential determinants of cross-country differences in trust.”
Haller, E., Ļubenko, J., Presti, G., Squatrito, V., Constantinou, M., Nicolaou, C., Papacostas, S., Aydın, G., Chong, Y. Y., Chien, W. T., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.775032 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“On the other hand, lower levels of prosocial behavior in Eastern Europe compared to the overall sample might be explained by lower levels of social trust that has previously been observed in post-communist countries (e.g., Bjørnskov, 2007, 2021).”
BackgroundHelliwell, J., & Wang, S. (2010) · doi:10.3386/w15911 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Steinhardt, H. C. (2011) · Political Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00909.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Eric Uslaner associates the survey results from China with ‘the hazards of conducting survey research in a country that Freedom House places at the bottom of its rankings in both political and civil liberties’ (Uslaner, 2002, p. 226; also Bjørnskov, 2005; 2006).”
BackgroundTao, R., Yang, D. L., Li, M., & Lu, X. (2013) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512113492599 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Some studies have found the level of social trust to vary with age (Putnam, 2000) and others with race and education (Bjørnskov, 2007; Putnam, 1995; Uslaner, 2002: ch. 4).”
BackgroundWimmer, A. (2015) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0010414015592645 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Before too long, economists and political scientists probed into other detrimental consequences of diversity, including generalized trust (Bjornskov, 2004; Glennerster et al., 2013; Knack & Keefer, 1997; Soroka, Banting, & Johnston, 2002) and social capital (Alesina & La Ferrara, 2000; Putnam,…”
BackgroundSocial trust and human development
Özcan, B., & Bjørnskov, C. (2011) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2011.08.007 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
New Evidence on Trust and Well-Being
Helliwell, J. F., Huang, H., & Wang, S. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.9 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Dinesen, P. T., & Sønderskov, K. M. (2012) · Scandinavian Political Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2012.00289.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Public libraries: places creating social capital?
Vårheim, A. (2009) · Library Hi Tech · doi:10.1108/07378830910988504 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Uslaner (2002, p. 220) and Bjørnskov (2006) argue that the Chinese results should be excluded because they represent an outlier.”
BackgroundIdentity, causality and social cohesion
Holtug, N. (2016) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2016.1227697 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Thus, according to Bjørnskov (2007, 16), religious differences matter for trust and in particular, having large Catholic and Muslim shares of a population tends to reduce it.”
BackgroundCollege Education and Social Trust: An Evidence-Based Study on the Causal Mechanisms
Huang, J., van den Brink, H. M., & Groot, W. N. J. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-010-9744-y · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Moreover, schooling might have an important socialization effect that may give young people a more positive attitude towards people in general (Bjørnskov, 2007).”
BackgroundInstitutional Change, Happiness, and Fertility
Aassve, A., Mencarini, L., & Sironi, M. (2015) · European Sociological Review · doi:10.1093/esr/jcv073 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Souza, F., Casas, D. D. L., Flores, V., Youn, S.-B., Cha, M., Quercia, D., & Almeida, V. A. F. (2015) · Conference on Online Social Networks · doi:10.1145/2817946.2817948 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“, the trust in people outside one’s social circle [4].”
BackgroundThe growth effects of institutional instability
Berggren, N., Bergh, A., & Bjørnskov, C. (2011) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s1744137411000488 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“, Bailamoune-Lutz and Addison (2007), Bjørnskov and Kurrild-Klitgaard (2008) and Méon et al.”
InfluentialConceptualising and Measuring Social Cohesion in Africa: Towards a Perceptions-Based Index
Langer, A., Stewart, F., Smedts, K., & Demarest, L. (2016) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1250-4 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“In addition, placing emphasis on group identities is likely to be associated with reduced trust across groups and there is also evidence that trust falls with rising inequality (Rothstein and Uslaner 2005; Bjørnskov 2007).”
BackgroundQuestioning the New Liberal Dilemma: Immigrants, Social Networks, and Institutional Fairness
Kumlin, S., & Rothstein, B. (2010) · Comparative Politics · doi:10.5129/001041510x12911363510394 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Trust and the regulation of corporate self-dealing
Cline, B. N., & Williamson, C. R. (2016) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.07.016 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dingemans, E., & van Ingen, E. J. (2015) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.1111/jssr.12217 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Social Capital and Access to Credit: Evidence from Uganda
Heikkilä, A., Kalmi, P., & Ruuskanen, O. (2016) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2016.1139695 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“However, spatial patterns of trust change very slowly (Bjørnskov, 2007) and therefore the problem arising from timing may be limited in our context.”
BackgroundFrom the general to the specific: How social trust motivates relational trust
Robbins, B. G. (2015) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.09.004 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“In the political and sociological sciences, much of our knowledge about the origins of trust (see Bjørnskov, 2007; Delhey and Newton, 2005; Fairbrother and Martin, 2013; Glanville et al., 2013; Herreros, 2004; Paxton, 2002, 2007; Robbins, 2012b; Wilkes, 2011) is derived from a small number of…”
BackgroundTrust and institutions: A multilevel analysis
Wang, L., & Gordon, P. (2011) · The Journal of Socio-Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2011.04.015 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The Third Sector as a Renewable Resource for Europe
Enjolras, B., Salamon, L. M., Sivesind, K. H., & Zimmer, A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71473-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Hommerich, C., & Tiefenbach, T. (2017) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9859-9 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Summarizing their study, they conclude in accordance with Bjørnskov (2006) that ‘‘trust… is an essential element of life satisfaction’’ (Leung et al. 2011, p. 452).”
BackgroundResultNugraha, A. T., Prayitno, G., Hasyim, A. W., & Roziqin, F. (2021) · Evergreen · doi:10.5109/4372255 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Helbling, M., Reeskens, T., & Stolle, D. (2013) · Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9248.12087 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bjørnskov, C.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Bjørnskov, Christian
- ORCID
- Bjørnskov, Christian
- Venue
- Public Choice
- Published
- 2006-09-15
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 1-21
- ISSN
- 0048-5829 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-7101
- OpenAlex
- W2100726744
- Cited by
- 969
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 82 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 57 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 44.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Public Choice (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Social Sciences › Demography › Culture, Economy, and Development Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Corruption and Economic Development
- Keywords
- generalized trust, determinants of trust, social polarization, income inequality, ethnic diversity, Protestantism, monarchy, post-communist societies, cross-national comparison, trust measurement, endogeneity
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