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Cited by 248Cardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and TrainingNutrition and Health in Aging

Long-term resistance training in the elderly: effects on dynamic strength, exercise capacity, muscle, and bone

McCartney, N., Hicks, A. L., Martin, J., Webber, C. E.·1995·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
DOI 10.1093/gerona/50a.2.b97
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Abstract

We examined the effects of 42 weeks of progressive weight-lifting training on dynamic muscle strength, peak power output in cycle ergometry, symptom limited endurance during progressive treadmill walking and stair climbing, knee extensor cross-sectional areas, and bone mineral density and content in healthy males and females aged 60-80 years, currently enrolled in a 2-year resistance training program. Subjects were randomized into either exercise (EX) or control (CON) groups (60-70 years: 38 males and 36 females; 70-80 years: 25 males and 43 females). EX trained several muscle groups twice per week for 42 weeks at intensities ranging from 50-80% of the load that they could lift once only (1 RM); CON did usual daily activities. After the 10 months there was no change in 1 RM strength in CON, but significant gains (mean increases up to 65%) in EX (no independent age or gender effects); 30% and 47% of the increase in 1 RM had occurred by 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. In EX, the 7.1% increase in peak cycling power output was significantly greater than in CON (+1.1%). The 17.8% improvement in symptom limited treadmill walking endurance was also greater than in CON (+3.4%), but the difference between groups during stair climbing was not significant (EX + 57%, CON + 33%). The cross-sectional areas of the knee extensors increased significantly by 5.5% in EX but were unchanged in CON. There were no changes in bone mineral density or content in either group. We conclude that long-term resistance training in older people is feasible and results in increases in dynamic muscle strength, muscle size, and functional capacity.

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  • ET, RT, and CT have beneficial effects on body composition, skeletal muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness.

    “These results are consistent with those of previous publications, demonstrating the beneficial effects of ET, RT, and CT on body composition, skeletal muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness (36–38).”

    From Combined Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity Independent of Age (2015) · cites this paper as [36]

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Authors
McCartney, N., Hicks, A. L., Martin, J., & Webber, C. E.
Affiliations
McMaster University (CA)
ORCID
Venue
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1995-03-01
Volume
50A
Issue
2
Pages
B97-B104
ISSN
  • 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
  • 1758-535X
DOI
10.1093/gerona/50a.2.b97
OpenAlex
W2085331197
Cited by
248
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
FWCI
23.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords
resistance training, older adults, dynamic strength, one-repetition maximum, peak power, exercise capacity, endurance, muscle size, bone mineral density, bone mineral content, weightlifting, functional capacity
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone and Bones, Exercise Test, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Physical Endurance, Weight Lifting, Bone Density, Walking, Ergometry, Exercise Tolerance, Muscle, Skeletal

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