Skeletal muscle protein balance and metabolism in the elderly

S. Fry, Christopher; B. Rasmussen, Blake

doi:10.2174/1874609811104030260

Cited by 111Muscle metabolism and nutritionNutrition and Health in AgingMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Skeletal muscle protein balance and metabolism in the elderly

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S. Fry, Christopher, B. Rasmussen, Blake·2011·Current Aging Sciencee

DOI 10.2174/1874609811104030260PMC PMC5096733

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Abstract

The loss of lean muscle mass occurring with advancing age is termed sarcopenia. This condition often leads to a concomitant loss of strength, increased frailty and risk of falls and an overall loss of functional independence in the elderly. Muscle protein metabolism is a dynamic process characterized by the balance between the synthesis and breakdown of muscle proteins. A disturbance of this equilibrium can lead to the loss of muscle mass, and a perturbation of muscle protein turnover with aging has been proposed to play a role in the development of sarcopenia. However, basal muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates do not differ between young and old adults, which has led to the hypothesis that older adults are resistant to anabolic stimuli. In support of this hypothesis, older adults have either no response or a blunted response to nutrients, insulin and resistance exercise, and this anabolic resistance is likely a key factor in the loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. Recent studies have investigated potential interventions to overcome this anabolic resistance. In particular, combining resistance exercise with essential amino acid supplementation restores the muscle protein anabolic response in older men. The novel rehabilitation technique of performing light resistance exercise during blood flow restriction was also successful in overcoming the anabolic resistance to exercise. Future research is needed to determine whether these novel interventions will be successful in preventing sarcopenia and improving muscle strength and function in older adults.

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The primary defect in age-related muscle wasting resides within the structural architecture of the muscle fiber, not chronic systemic inflammation or insulin resistance.
“contemporary human biopsy data confirm that the primary defect resides deep within the structural architecture of the muscle fiber [102,103].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [103]
The Introduction describes structural changes in aging muscle fibers, but does not identify them as the primary defect. The Conclusions (page not supplied) instead emphasize resistance to anabolic stimuli, including insulin, as important to age-related muscle loss; the Aging and Nutrient Ingestion section also reports a blunted response to insulin with aging. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Authors: S. Fry, C., & B. Rasmussen, B.
Venue: Current Aging Sciencee
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published: 2011-12-01
Volume: 4
Issue: 3
Pages: 260-268
ISSN: 1874-6098 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2174/1874609811104030260
PMC: PMC5096733
OpenAlex: W2042172969
Cited by: 111
References: 136
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 2.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Current Aging Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000071)
National Institute on Aging (P30AG024832)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR049877)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029876)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32-HD-07539, T32HD007539)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: sarcopenia, muscle protein balance, muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein degradation, anabolic resistance, aging, resistance training, essential amino acid supplementation, blood flow restriction, frailty, muscle strength, older adults
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Amino Acids, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Proteins, Nutritional Status, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Resistance Training, Sarcopenia

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Skeletal muscle protein balance and metabolism in the elderly

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