Preventive Effect of Protein-Energy Supplementation on the Functional Decline of Frail Older Adults With Low Socioeconomic Status: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic undernutrition is a common condition in older people with low socioeconomic status and is clearly an important component of frailty. However, it is uncertain whether protein-energy supplementation can prevent functional decline in this group. METHODS: Eighty-seven frail older adults (usual gait speed, <0.6 m/second; Mini Nutritional Assessment, <24) were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group, which was provided two 200-mL cans of commercial liquid formula (additional 400 kcal of energy, 25g of protein, 9.4g of essential amino acids, 400mL of water) per day for 12 weeks, or the controls group, which did not receive this supplement. The primary outcomes were the change of the Physical Functioning and Short Physical Performance Battery. Usual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, hand grip strength, and one-legged stance were also measured as secondary outcome variables. RESULTS: Physical Functioning increased by 5.9% (1 point) in the intervention group, although no change was observed in the control group (p =.052). Short Physical Performance Battery remained stable in the intervention group, although it decreased by 12.5% (1 point) in controls (p = .039). Usual gait speed decreased by 1.0% in the intervention group versus 11.3% (0.04 m/second) in controls (p = .039). Timed up-and-go improved by 7.2% (1.1 seconds) in the intervention group and worsened by 3.4% (0.9 seconds) in controls (p = .038). There were no differences between groups in hand grip strength or one-legged stance performance. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that protein-energy supplementation administered to frail older adults with low socioeconomic status shows evidence of reducing the progression of functional decline.
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Protein supplementation may serve as an important preventive and therapeutic intervention against functional decline, especially when implemented in frail older people with malnutrition.
“Protein supplementation may serve as an important preventive and therapeutic intervention against functional decline, especially when implemented in frail older people with malnutrition.73,227,238”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [238]
In a South Korean RCT of nutritionally-at-risk, community-dwelling, frail older adults with gait speed less than 0.6 m/s, the intervention group performed better in both gait speed and Timed Get Up and Go test compared with the control group.
“Compared with the control group, the participants randomized to the intervention group performed better in both gait speed and Timed Get Up and Go test.”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [238]
In the same South Korean RCT, there was no change in SPPB score in the intervention group, whereas a decrease was seen in the control group.
“Also, there was no change in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score in the intervention group, whereas a decrease was seen in the control group.238”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [238]
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- Authors
- Kim, C.-O., & Lee, K.-R.
- ORCID
- Kim, C.-O.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-08-09
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 309-316
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- OpenAlex
- W2019557080
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Keywords
- protein-energy supplementation, frailty, functional decline, older adults, low socioeconomic status, chronic malnutrition, physical function, walking speed, Timed Up and Go test, grip strength, balance
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amino Acids, Essential, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creatinine, Dietary Proteins, Exercise Test, Female, Gait, Health Status, Humans, Male, Social Class, Vitamins, Geriatric Assessment, Frail Elderly, Hand Strength, Dietary Supplements, Republic of Korea
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