Nutrition assessment and interventions for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults: an evidence analysis center scoping review
Abstract
Older adults living in the community or long-term residence such as a nursing home are at increased risk for malnutrition due to factors such as depression and isolation. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the best available research that evaluates the validity and reliability of nutrition assessment tools, and the effectiveness of nutrition interventions to prevent or treat malnutrition among older adults. A literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central databases to identify clinical trials, published in the English language, evaluating assessment and intervention methods aimed to treat or prevent malnutrition among older adults living in the community or their long-term residence such as nursing homes. Articles were screened by 2 reviewers, then data were extracted and narratively synthesized. The literature search retrieved 20,937 articles and 197 articles were included in narrative synthesis. A total of 73 assessment articles were identified, 36 of which were validity and reliability trials. A total of 122 intervention articles were identified, the majority of which were randomized controlled trials. A few of the most commonly evaluated interventions were oral nutrition supplements, medical nutrition therapy, fortification and enrichment, and nutrition education. Several systematic reviews were identified, however, that did not meet the criteria of this review. There is a need to conduct systematic reviews for nutrition assessment and intervention trials to guide development of evidence-based nutrition practice recommendations for older adults living in the community or their long-term residence.
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Medical nutrition therapy slightly reduces mortality and significantly reduces length of stay in adult hospitalized patients with malnutrition.
“In a new meta-analysis by Moloney and Jarrett [25], medical nutrition therapy (MNT)—a nutrition-based treatment plan typically developed by a registered dietitian (RD)/registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) to help manage or treat various health conditions—was found to slightly reduce mortality and significantly reduce length of stay in adult hospitalized patients with malnutrition.”
From The Value of Integrating the Nutritional Ecology into the Nutrition Care Continuum—A Conceptual and Systems Approach (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Moloney, L., & Jarrett, B.
- Affiliations
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Moloney, Lisa
- Venue
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2108-2140.e6
- ISSN
- 2212-2672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3093559258
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 228
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Dietetics, Nutrition, and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- malnutrition, older adults, nutrition assessment tools, nutrition interventions, malnutrition prevention, malnutrition treatment, nursing homes, long-term care, community-dwelling older adults, oral nutritional supplements, medical nutrition therapy, food fortification, nutrition education
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Geriatric Assessment, Nutrition Assessment, Malnutrition, Nutrition Therapy
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