Do Self-Monitoring Interventions Improve Older Adult Learning?
Abstract
We describe a self-monitoring approach for improving older adult learning that older adults can use in conjunction with more traditional mnemonic-based interventions. According to the self-monitoring approach, older adults can improve the effectiveness of learning by accurately monitoring their progress toward a learning goal and by using the output from such monitoring to allocate study time and to inform strategy selection. We review current evidence, which includes outcomes from two previously unpublished interventions, relevant to the efficacy of this approach. Both interventions demonstrated performance gains in memory performance after self-monitoring training, although these training gains did not exceed gains obtained through standard mnemonic training. Our discussion highlights both successes and failures of self-monitoring to enhance learning as well as challenges for future research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Dunlosky et al. suggests that explicitly discussing generalization of the self-testing strategy to other contexts may induce a wider range of transfer.
“a recent intervention study using self-testing (Dunlosky et al., 2007) suggests that explicitly discussing generalization of the self-testing strategy to other contexts may induce a wider range of transfer.”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Dunlosky et al., 2007
Cites
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory
(2010) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-62209-1 · Cited by 6,035 · see citing works
Effects of Cognitive Training Interventions With Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Ball, K., Berch, D. B., Helmers, K. F., Jobe, J. B., Leveck, M. D., Marsiske, M., Morris, J. N., Rebok, G. W., Smith, D. M., Tennstedt, S. L., et al. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.18.2271 · Cited by 2,049 · see citing works
Yates, F. A. (1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,500 · see citing works
Monitoring one’s own knowledge during study: A cue-utilization approach to judgments of learning
Koriat, A. (1997) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.126.4.349 · Cited by 1,363 · see citing works
Improving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: a meta-analytic study.
Verhaeghen, P., Marcoen, A., & Goossens, L. (1992) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.2.242 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Nelson, T. O., & Dunlosky, J. (1991) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00147.x · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving memory performance in the aged through mnemonic training: A meta-analytic study.
Verhaeghen, P., Marcoen, A., & Goossens, L. (1992) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.7.2.242 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Metacognitive and control strategies in study-time allocation.
Son, L. K., & Metcalfe, J. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.26.1.204 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Thiede, K. W., & Dunlosky, J. T. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.4.1024 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Self-citationAllocation of self-paced study time and the "labor-in-vain effect."
Nelson, T. O., & Leonesio, R. J. (1988) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.14.4.676 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
A Region of Proximal Learning model of study time allocation
Metcalfe, J., & Kornell, N. (2005) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2004.12.001 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Kliegl, R. M., Smith, J., & Baltes, P. B. (1989) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.2.247 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Age differences in the allocation of study time account for age differences in memory performance
Dunlosky, J. T., & Connor, L. T. (1997) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03211311 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationAging and deficits in associative memory: What is the role of strategy production?
Dunlosky, J. T., & Hertzog, C. K. (1998) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.13.4.597 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationBahrick, H. P., & Hall, L. K. (2005) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2005.01.012 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Test Predictions Over Text Material
Maki, R. H. (1998) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410602350-13 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Training monitoring skills improves older adults' self-paced associative learning.
Dunlosky, J., Kubat-Silman, A. K., & Hertzog, C. (2003) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.340 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationThe importance of monitoring and self-regulation during multitrial learning
Thiede, K. W. (1999) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212976 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Cognitive Rehabilitation In Old Age
Hill, R. D., Bäckman, L., & Neely, A. S. (2000) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195119855.001.0001 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Causes and constraints of the shift-to-easier-materials effect in the control of study
Dunlosky, J. T., & Thiede, K. W. (2004) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03195868 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationMurphy, M. D., Sanders, R. E., Gabriesheski, A. S., & Schmitt, F. A. (1981) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/36.2.185 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The Self-Monitoring Approach for Effective Learning
Dunlosky, J. T., Hertzog, C. K., Kennedy, M. R. F., & Thiede, K. W. (2005) · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationDunlosky, J. T., & Hertzog, C. K. (1997) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/52b.4.p178 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationAging, Metacognition, and Cognitive Control
Hertzog, C., & Dunlosky, J. (2004) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(03)45006-8 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationMetacognitive Control and Optimal Learning
Son, L., & Sethi, R. (2006) · Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0000_74 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Metamemory in older adults: The role of monitoring in serial recall.
Murphy, M. D., Schmitt, F. A., Caruso, M. J., & Sanders, R. E. (1987) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.2.4.331 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-evaluation as a moderating factor of strategy change in directed forgetting benefits
Sahakyan, L., Delaney, P. F., & Kelley, C. M. (2004) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03206472 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Influences of metamemory on performance predictions for text
Rawson, K. A., Dunlosky, J. T., & McDonald, S. L. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724980143000352 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationAge-related equivalence and deficit in knowledge updating of cue effectiveness.
Matvey, G., Dunlosky, J. T., Shaw, R. J., Parks, C. M., & Hertzog, C. K. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.589 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationAdult Age Differences in Self-Regulated Learning From Reading Sentences.
Miles, J. R., & Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L. (2004) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.4.626 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Estimating the Effect of the File Drawer Problem in Meta-Analysis
Bradley, M. T., & Gupta, R. D. (1997) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1997.85.2.719 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The effects of practice upon rehearsal in short-term memory
Butterfield, E. C., Peltzman, D. J., & Belmont, J. M. (1971) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03336110 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF THE FILE DRAWER PROBLEM IN META-ANALYSIS
Bradley, M. T. (1997) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.85.6.719-722 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Memory monitoring intervention for healthy older adults
McGuire, C. L. (2001) · SMARTech Repository (Georgia Institute of Technology) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hertzog, C., Kramer, A. F., Wilson, R. S., & Lindenberger, U. (2008) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Self-citationCognition-based interventions for healthy older people and people with mild cognitive impairment
Martin, M., Clare, L., Altgassen, A. M., Cameron, M. H., & Zehnder, F. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006220.pub2 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Working memory training in older adults: Evidence of transfer and maintenance effects.
Borella, E., Carretti, B., Riboldi, F., & De Beni, R. (2010) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0020683 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Memory training interventions for older adults: A meta-analysis
Gross, A. L., Parisi, J. M., Spira, A. P., Kueider‐Paisley, A., Ko, J. Y., Saczynski, J. S., Samus, Q. M., & Rebok, G. W. (2012) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2012.667783 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Far transfer in cognitive training of older adults
Zelinski, E. M. (2009) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2009-0495 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Cognitive benefits of computer games for older adults
Zelinski, E. M., & Reyes, R. B. (2009) · Gerontechnology · doi:10.4017/gt.2009.08.04.004.00 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Memory training effects in old age as markers of plasticity: A meta-analysis
Zehnder, F., Martin, M., Altgassen, M., & Clare, L. (2009) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-2009-0491 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Brehmer, Y., Li, S.-C., Straube, B., Stoll, G., von Oertzen, T., Müller, V., & Lindenberger, U. (2008) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.23.2.227 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Metacognitive Training at Home: Does It Improve Older Adults’ Learning?
Bailey, H. R., Dunlosky, J. T., & Hertzog, C. K. (2009) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000266030 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationBacon, É., & Izaute, M. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.013 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Stine‐Morrow, E. A. L., & Basak, C. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380882-0.00010-3 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A Novel Theoretical Life Course Framework for Triggering Cognitive Development across the Lifespan
Wu, R., Rebok, G. W., & Lin, F. V. (2016) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000458720 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
On preventive blood pressure self-monitoring at home
Verdezoto, N. X., & Grönvall, E. (2015) · Cognition Technology & Work · doi:10.1007/s10111-015-0358-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Understanding challenges and opportunities of preventive blood pressure self-monitoring at home
Grönvall, E., & Verdezoto, N. X. (2013) · European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics · doi:10.1145/2501907.2501962 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bacon, É., Huet, N., & Danion, J. (2011) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.02.017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Is retrieval the key? Metamemory judgment and testing as learning strategies
Akdoğan, E., Izaute, M., Danion, J., Vidailhet, P., & Bacon, É. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2015.1112812 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Adaptation for growth as a common goal throughout the lifespan: Why and how
Wu, R., & Strickland-Hughes, C. M. (2019) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2019.07.005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Resilience in the face of cognitive aging:
Hertzog, C. K., & Jopp, D. S. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511763151.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAlders, A. (2011) · Journal of Latinos and Education · doi:10.1080/15348431.2011.605680 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Strickland-Hughes, C. M., & West, R. L. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12040465 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Metamemory in Schizophrenia: Monitoring or Control Deficit?
Izaute, M., & Bacon, É. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6546-2_7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Metacognition in Older Adulthood
Tauber, S. K., & Witherby, A. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_215-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Older drivers' self-regulation: Discrepancy reduction or region of proximal learning?
Moták, L., Huet, N., Gabaude, C., & Bougeant, J.-C. (2012) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0028650 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Assessment of Cognitive Training
Rebok, G. W., Parisi, J. M., Gross, A. L., & Spira, A. P. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374961-1.10008-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neuronale Plastizität bei gesundem und pathologischem Altern
Kolassa, I., Glöckner, F., Leirer, V. M., & Diener, C. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14353-3_4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rhodes, E., & Giovannetti, T. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108552684.031 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Almond, N. M., & Morrison, C. M. (2015) · Healthy Aging Research · doi:10.12715/har.2015.4.3
The Impact of Art Therapy on the Elderly Population
Davis, S. (2023) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-7856-1.ch006
Metacognition in Older Adulthood
Tauber, S. K., & Witherby, A. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-082-7_215
- Authors
- Dunlosky, J., Cavallini, E., Roth, H., McGuire, C. L., Vecchi, T., & Hertzog, C.
- Affiliations
- Kent State University (US)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-06-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- Special_Issue_1
- Pages
- 70-76
- ISSN
- 1079-5014 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-5368
- OpenAlex
- W2112719311
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series B (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R37AG013148, R37-AG13148)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- self-monitoring, older adults, learning, memory, mnemonic training, study time allocation, cognitive aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Humans, Learning, Memory Disorders, Paired-Associate Learning, Practice, Psychological, Programmed Instructions as Topic, Mental Recall, Serial Learning, Social Control, Informal
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
