Working memory training in older adults: Evidence of transfer and maintenance effects.
Abstract
Few studies have examined working memory (WM) training-related gains and their transfer and maintenance effects in older adults. This present research investigates the efficacy of a verbal WM training program in adults aged 65-75 years, considering specific training gains on a verbal WM (criterion) task as well as transfer effects on measures of visuospatial WM, short-term memory, inhibition, processing speed, and fluid intelligence. Maintenance of training benefits was evaluated at 8-month follow-up. Trained older adults showed higher performance than did controls on the criterion task and maintained this benefit after 8 months. Substantial general transfer effects were found for the trained group, but not for the control one. Transfer maintenance gains were found at follow-up, but only for fluid intelligence and processing speed tasks. The results are discussed in terms of cognitive plasticity in older adults.
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There is no consensus on transfer to inhibitory control measures, with some WM training studies reporting benefits and others not.
“there is no consensus regarding transfer to inhibitory control measures, with some WM training studies reporting training-related benefits59,60,71,72, yet others failing to find evidence of transfer51,73.”
From Near transfer to an unrelated N-back task mediates the effect of N-back working memory training on matrix reasoning (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
Transfer to sequencing and/or complex WM tasks has been reported by some N-back training studies but not others.
“Transfer to sequencing and/or complex WM tasks has been reported by some57–63, but not other N-back training studies58,64–70.”
From Near transfer to an unrelated N-back task mediates the effect of N-back working memory training on matrix reasoning (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
Training effects can go beyond the trained domain and show benefits in measures considerably different from the training task if they are associated with the trained process and share comparable neural circuits (far transfer).
“Furthermore, training effects could go beyond the trained domain and show benefits in measures considerably different from the training task, as long as they were associated with the trained process and shared comparable neural circuits (far transfer) (Jaeggi et al., 2008; Borella et al., 2010; Loosli et al., 2012; Dahlin, 2013).”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Borella et al., 2010
Training procedures targeting specific cognitive abilities allow more restricted attributions on training-derived transfer effects than complex procedures that include multiple cognitive domains.
“training procedures targeting specific cognitive abilities (such as WM or IC) allow for more restricted attributions on training-derived transfer effects (Borella et al., 2010; Rueda et al., 2012; Jaeggi et al., 2013) than complex procedures that include multiple cognitive domains”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Borella et al., 2010
Several studies have demonstrated positive effects of WM training in different age groups with transfer to trained and untrained domains such as mathematical performance.
“Several studies have demonstrated positive effects of WM training in different age groups (Borella et al., 2010; Söderqvist et al., 2012; Jaeggi et al., 2013) with transfer to trained and untrained domains such as mathematical performance”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Borella et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Borella, E., Carretti, B., Riboldi, F., & De Beni, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 767-778
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- OpenAlex
- W2118934714
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 18.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- working memory training, older adults, transfer effects, verbal working memory, visuospatial working memory, short-term memory, inhibition, processing speed, fluid intelligence, cognitive plasticity
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Memory, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Teaching, Transfer, Psychology, Stroop Test
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