Cited by 582Intergenerational Family Dynamics and CaregivingNursing care and researchAging, Elder Care, and Social Issues

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Families Caring for Elders in Residence: Issues in the Measurement of Burden

Poulshock, S. W., Deimling, G. T.·1984·Journal of Gerontology

DOI 10.1093/geronj/39.2.230

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Abstract

This paper examines the concept of caregiving burden and urges a multidimensional perspective in which burden is viewed as a mediating force between the elders' impairments and the impact that caregiving has on the lives of caregivers and their families. The analysis underscores the need to apply the concept of burden to subjective interpretations by caregivers of the elders' different kinds of impairments including impairment of activities of daily living, cognitive incapacity, disruptive behavior, and lack of sociability. The analysis also demonstrates that a variety of less subjective effects of caregiving are important and measureable. These issues are elaborated and illustrated using data and findings from the Benjamin Rose Institute's survey of 614 families in which impaired elders resided with and were provided care by family members.

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Method
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Background
Depression in family caregivers of elders: A theoretical model of caregiver burden, sociotropy, and autonomy
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Background
Bittersweet Journeys: Meanings of Leisure in the Institution-based Caregiving Context
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Background
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Background
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BackgroundMethod
Predictors of institutionalization in patients with dementia in Korea
Kim, J., Shin, I., Jeong, S., Gormley, N. A., & Yoon, J. (2002) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.494 · Cited by 40
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Is Parent Care Normative? The Experiences of a Sample of Middle-Aged Women
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“generally consistent with the literature, suggesting that caregivers of individuals with more functional impairments have poorer social HRQOL than those caring for individuals with greater functional abilities.(18,57-59) Although the absence of group differences for the 2 support measures might suggest that these meas…”
Result
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Ritchie, K. A., & Ledésert, B. (1992) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930070103 · Cited by 37
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Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist
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“The Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) [19] contains 14 items that measure the perceived burden of an individual who is providing care to a loved one”
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Ricard, N., Bonin, J., & Ezer, H. (1999) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7489(98)00060-1 · Cited by 34
Associations among Caregiving Difficulties, Burden, and Rewards in Caregivers to Older Post-Rehabilitation Patients
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“…of the care recipient (George & Gwyther, 1986; Horowitz, 1985; Mui, 1995; Stephens & Franks, 1995), caregiving for persons with more ADL and IADL limitations (Fredman, Daly, & Lazur, 1995; Lawton, Rajagopal, Brody, & Kleban, 1992; Poulshock & Deimling, 1984), and lacking time away from caregiving.”
Background
Toward a Cross-Cultural Understanding of Family Caregiving Burden
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Translation and Validation of Caregiving Satisfaction Scale into Korean
Son, G., Zauszniewski, J. A., Wykle, M. L., & Picot, S. J. F. (2000) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939450022044629 · Cited by 34
“Many researchers (George & Gwyther, 1986; Greenburg, Seltzer, & Greenley, 1993; Poulshock & Deimling, 1984; Zarit, Reever, & Bach-Peterson, 1980) in the U.S. have found that caring for elders with dementia is burdensome and stressful to caregivers.”
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Jerrom, B., Mian, I., Rukanyake, N. G., & Prothero, D. (1993) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.930080409 · Cited by 32
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Ho, K. M., & Keiley, M. K. (2003) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/1066480703251891 · Cited by 34
“Some research and theorizing reflects this deficit-based perspective through the study of the negative impact disabilities have on families (Clark & Standard, 1996; Pai & Kapur, 1981; Patterson, 1991; Poulshock and Deimling, 1984; Sequeira et al., 1990; Sturniolo, 1996).”
Background
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Background
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Skipwith, D. H. (1994) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/0279-3695-19940301-05 · Cited by 30
The Hidden Morbidity of Cancer
Saria, M. G., Nyamathi, A., Phillips, L. R., Stanton, A. L., Evangelista, L., Kesari, S., & Maliski, S. (2017) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2016.10.002 · Cited by 29
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Son, G., Wykle, M. L., & Zausniewski, J. (2003) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-20030101-09 · Cited by 29
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Orbell, S. (1996) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449608401980 · Cited by 29
Elder Care Versus Adult Care
Scharlach, A. E., & Fredriksen, K. I. (1994) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027594161004 · Cited by 29
An exploration of caregiver burden for children with nodding syndrome (lucluc) in Northern Uganda
Nakigudde, J., Mutamba, B. B., Bazeyo, W., et al. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0955-x · Cited by 28
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Puerto, K. L. I., Leandro, M.-E., & Baumann, M. (2012) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2012.692351 · Cited by 28
“Some studies (Poulshock & Deimling, 1984; Given, Stommel, Collins, King, & Given, 1992; Nijboer, Triemstra, Tempelaar, Sandermanc, & Van Den Bosa, 1999; Antoine, Quandalle, & Christophe, 2010) have incorporated in their instruments both burdensome experiences and commitments and normative…”
An exploration of the carers' perceptions of caregiving and caring responsibilities in Chinese families
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Caregiving: Where Families Need Help
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Charlesworth, G. M., Tzimoula, X. M., & Newman, S. P. (2007) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860600844523 · Cited by 26
“Many have been devised for carers of people with dementia, for example the Zarit Burden Interview (Zarit, Reeves, & BachPeterson, 1980), Caregiver Task Checklist (Poulshock & Deimling, 1984), Objective and Subjective Burden (Montgomery, Gonyea, & Hooyman, 1985), and the Caregiver Appraisal Scale (Lawton, Kleban, Moss,…”
Background
Family caregivers' burden, quality of life, and health following patients' renal transplantation
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The Impact of Metrifonate Therapy on Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the MALT Clinical Trial
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The Mood Disorder Burden Index: A scale for assessing the burden of caregivers to adults with unipolar or bipolar disorder
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“The psychological burden of family caregivers commonly refers to the adverse effects of an individual's illness or impairment on their caregivers' own well-being (Poulshock and Deimling, 1984).”
Background
AN INTERACTIVE MODEL OF INFORMAL ADULT CARE AND EMPLOYMENT
Fredriksen‐Goldsen, K. I., & Scharlach, A. E. (2006) · Community Work & Family · doi:10.1080/13668800600925084 · Cited by 26
“Behavioural disturbances were measured by assessing whether during the past month the care recipient had become very agitated, depressed or uncooperative with care providers, or had behaved in ways that were embarrassing or unsafe (Poulshock & Deimling, 1984).”
Method
The burdens of parent care: A critical evaluation of recent findings
Matthews, S. H. (1988) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/0890-4065(88)90030-8 · Cited by 26
The Evaluation of Behavioral Disturbances in Alzheimer's Disease: The Utility of Three Rating Scales
Mack, J. L., & Patterson, M. B. (1994) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/089198879400700206 · Cited by 26
Experience of companionship among family caregivers of persons with dementia: A qualitative study
Bjørge, H., Sæteren, B., & Ulstein, I. D. (2016) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301216666172 · Cited by 25
Assessment of Caregiver Inventory for Rett Syndrome
Lane, J. B., Salter, A. R., Jones, N. E., Cutter, G., Horrigan, J. P., Skinner, S. A., Kaufmann, W. E., Glaze, D. G., Neul, J. L., & Percy, A. K. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3034-3 · Cited by 25
“Other surveys (Niederehe and Fruge 1984; Poulshock and Deimling 1984; Kosberg and Cairl 1986; Deeken et al. 2003; Whalen and Buchholz 2009) have responded to this weakness by creating multidimensional approaches, but have been regarded as problematic due to the overly large number of questions, inadequate subscales, o…”
Caregiving-related needs analysis: a proposed model reflecting current research and socio-political developments
Ferrario, S. R., Zotti, A. M., Ippoliti, M., & Zotti, P. (2003) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2524.2003.00410.x · Cited by 25
Dual Responsibilities Among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White Employed Caregivers
Fredriksen‐Goldsen, K. I., & Farwell, N. (2005) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v43n04_03 · Cited by 25
“Behavioral disturbances were measured by assessing whether during the past month the care recipient had become very agitated, de- pressed, or uncooperative with care providers, or had behaved in ways that were embarrassing or unsafe (Poulshock & Deimling, 1984).”
Method
Dementia Care-Receiver Needs and their Impact on Caregivers
Farran, C. J., Keane-Hagerty, E., Tatarowicz, L., & Scorza, E. (1993) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/105477389300200108 · Cited by 24
HELPING SPOUSES with Chronic Sorrow Related to Multiple Sclerosis
Hainsworth, M. A. (1995) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19950701-10 · Cited by 24
Behavioural and instrumental stressors in Dementia (BISID): refocussing the assessment of caregiver need in dementia
Keady, J. D., & Nolan, M. (1996) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.1996.tb00083.x · Cited by 24
Respite Services for Caregivers
Lawton, M. P., Brody, E., Saperstein, A., & Grimes, M. (1989) · Home Health Care Services Quarterly · doi:10.1300/j027v10n01_02 · Cited by 24
Perceived Social Support for Caregiving
Goodman, C. C. (1991) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1300/j083v16n03_13 · Cited by 24
The Caregiver Activity Survey (CAS): development and validation of a new measure for caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease
Davis, K. L., Marin, D. B., Kane, R. L., Patrick, D. L., Peskind, E. R., Raskind, M. A., & Puder, K. L. (1997) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199710)12:10 · Cited by 167
Helping Spouses With Chronic Sorrow Related to Multiple Sclerosis
Hainsworth, M. A. (1996) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/0279-3695-19960601-09 · Cited by 24
Health Care Professionals and Family Involvement in Care-Related Decisions Concerning Older Patients
Deimling, G. T., Smerglia, V. L., & Barresi, C. M. (1990) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/089826439000200302 · Cited by 24
Self-citation
Relationship of Psychological Flexibility and Mindfulness to Caregiver Burden, and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Caregivers of People with Dementia
Tan, K. P., Ang, J. K., Koh, E. B. Y., Pang, N. T. P., & Mat Saher, Z. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054232 · Cited by 23
Inventory of Overburden in Alzheimer's Patient Family Caregivers with no Specialized Training
Fuentes, M. D. C. P., Linares, J. J. G., Fernández, M. D. R., & Jurado, M. D. M. M. (2016) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2016.09.004 · Cited by 23
A Comparison of the Impact of Institutionalization on Spouse and Nonspouse Caregivers
Novak, M., & Guest, C. (1992) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/073346489201100401 · Cited by 23
Caregiver Role Appraisal and Caregiver Tasks as Factors in Ending Caregiving
Kasper, J. D., Steinbach, U., & Andrews, J. W. (1994) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/089826439400600307 · Cited by 23

Authors: Poulshock, S. W., & Deimling, G. T.
Affiliations: Benjamin Rose Institute on Aging (US)
Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
ORCID: Deimling, G. T.
Venue: Journal of Gerontology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1984-03-01
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Pages: 230-239
ISSN: 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/geronj/39.2.230
OpenAlex: W2016101351
Cited by: 582
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 50.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Aging, Elder Care, and Social Issues
Keywords: caregiver burden, family caregivers, older adults, activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, disruptive behavior, sociability, family caregiving
MeSH terms: Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Attitude, Behavior, Cognition, Family, Home Nursing, Humans

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Families Caring for Elders in Residence: Issues in the Measurement of Burden

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