Comparison of the genomes of human and mouse lays the foundation of genome zoology
Abstract
The extensive similarities between the genomes of human and model organisms are the foundation of much of modern biology, with model organism experimentation permitting valuable insights into biological function and the aetiology of human disease. In contrast, differences among genomes have received less attention. Yet these can be expected to govern the physiological and morphological distinctions apparent among species, especially if such differences are the result of evolutionary adaptation. A recent comparison of the draft sequences of mouse and human genomes has shed light on the selective forces that have predominated in their recent evolutionary histories. In particular, mouse-specific clusters of homologues associated with roles in reproduction, immunity and host defence appear to be under diversifying positive selective pressure, as indicated by high ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates. These clusters are also frequently punctuated by homologous pseudogenes. They thus have experienced numerous gene death, as well as gene birth, events. These regions appear, therefore, to have borne the brunt of adaptive evolution that underlies physiological and behavioural innovation in mice. We predict that the availability of numerous animal genomes will give rise to a new field of genome zoology in which differences in animal physiology and ethology are illuminated by the study of genomic sequence variations.
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Genes duplicated or deleted in the monotreme lineage, or lost in eutherian and/or marsupial lineages, are proposed to contribute most to lineage-specific biological functions that distinguish individual mammals.
“Such genes are proposed to contribute most to the lineage-specific biological functions that distinguish individual mammals 30 .”
From Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution (2008) · cites this paper as [30]
Patterns of evolution among duplicated genes in opossum largely mirror those observed in eutherians.
“The patterns of evolution among duplicated genes largely mirror those observed in eutherians 34,70 .”
From Genome of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica reveals innovation in non-coding sequences (2007) · cites this paper as [70]
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Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog
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APP mouse models for Alzheimer’s disease preclinical studies.
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Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution
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Genome of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica reveals innovation in non-coding sequences
Broad Institute Genome Sequencing Platform, Mikkelsen, T. S., Broad Institute Whole Genome Assembly Team, Wakefield, M. J., Aken, B., Amemiya, C. T., Chang, J. L., Duke, S., Garber, M., Gentles, A. J., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05805 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Orthology, Paralogy, and Conserved Synteny for Dog and Human
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The mouth, the anus, and the blastopore—open questions about questionable openings
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Genomic, phylogenetic, and cell biological insights into metazoan origins
Nichols, S. A., Dayel, M. J., & King, N. (2009) · Animal Evolution · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199549429.003.0003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Emes, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Emes, R. D.
- ORCID
- Emes, R. D.
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-04-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 701-709
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- OpenAlex
- W2152893224
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- positive selection, diversifying selection, pseudogenes, gene birth and death, reproductive genes, immune-related genes, adaptive evolution, comparative genomics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Multigene Family, Genetics, Humans, Models, Genetic, Species Specificity, Genome, Human, Genome, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Duplication, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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