Determination of bisphenol A concentrations in human biological fluids reveals significant early prenatal exposure
Abstract
Background There is broad human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used for the production of plastic products. BPA is reported to affect preimplantation embryos or fetuses and alter their postnatal development at doses typically found in the environment. We measured contamination of BPA in various kinds of human biological fluids by a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methods Blood samples were obtained from healthy premenopausal women, women with early and full-term pregnancy, and umbilical cord at full-term delivery. Ovarian follicular fluids obtained during IVF procedures and amniotic fluids obtained at mid-term and full-term pregnancy were also subject to BPA measurements. Results BPA was present in serum and follicular fluid at approximately 1-2 ng/ml, as well as in fetal serum and full-term amniotic fluid, confirming passage through the placenta. Surprisingly, an approximately 5-fold higher concentration, 8.3 +/- 8.7 ng/ml, was revealed in amniotic fluid at 15-18 weeks gestation, compared with other fluids. Conclusion These results suggest accumulation of BPA in early fetuses and significant exposure during the prenatal period, which must be considered in evaluating the potential for human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
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Detectable levels of BPA have been found in human and animal fluids such as urine, blood, and breast milk.
“detectable levels of BPA have been found in fluids of human and animals, such as urine24, blood25 and breast milk26.”
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- Authors
- Ikezuki, Y., Tsutsumi, O., Takai, Y., Kamei, Y., & Taketani, Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-11-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2839-2841
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2109879710
- Cited by
- 886
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 10.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Keywords
- bisphenol A, endocrine disruptors, prenatal exposure, human body fluids, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, follicular fluid, placental transfer, early pregnancy, plastic contaminants
- MeSH terms
- Bisphenol A Compounds, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Amniotic Fluid, Benzhydryl Compounds, Body Fluids, Female, Fetal Blood, Fetus, Humans, Osmolar Concentration, Phenols, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Follicular Fluid, Delivery, Obstetric
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