Metabolic risk score and cancer risk: pooled analysis of seven cohorts
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: There are few data on the joint influence of metabolic factors on risk of separate cancers. METHODS: We analysed data on body mass index, blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides from seven European cohorts comprising 564 596 men and women with a mean age of 44 years. We weighted those factors equally into a standardized metabolic risk score [MRS, mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1], with an individual's level indicated as SDs from the sex- and cohort-specific means. Cancer hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression with age as timescale and with relevant adjustments including smoking status. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 12 years, 21 593 men and 14 348 women were diagnosed with cancer. MRS was linearly and positively associated with incident cancer in total and at sites (P < 0.05). In men, risk per SD MRS was increased by 43% (95% confidence interval: 27-61) for renal cell cancer, 43% (16-76) for liver cancer, 29% (20-38) for colon cancer, 27% (5-54) for oesophageal cancer, 20% (9-31) for rectal cancer, 19% (4-37) for leukaemias, 15% (1-30) for oral cancer and 10% (2-19) for bladder cancer. In women, risk increases per SD MRS were 56% (42-70) for endometrial cancer, 53% (29-81) for pancreatic cancer, 40% (16-67) for renal cell cancer, 27% (9-47) for cervical cancer and 17% (3-32) for rectal cancer. CONCLUSION: This largest study to date on the joint influence of metabolic factors on risk of separate cancers showed increased risks for several cancers, in particular renal cell and liver cancer in men and endometrial and pancreatic cancer in women.
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Using breakfast data from the day of examination only may decrease measurement precision, but would rather lead to underestimation than overestimation of the association.
“This may decrease the measurement precision, but would rather lead to underestimation than overestimation of the association (28) .”
From Irregular eating of meals in adolescence and the metabolic syndrome in adulthood: results from a 27-year prospective cohort (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Stocks, T., Bjørge, T., Ulmer, H., Manjer, J., Häggström, C., Nagel, G., Engeland, A., Johansen, D., Hallmans, G., Selmer, R., Concin, H., Tretli, S., Jonsson, H., & Stattin, P.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Cancer Registry of Norway (NO)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Stocks, Tanja
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-02-03
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1353-1363
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- PMC
- PMC4588859
- OpenAlex
- W2132610504
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 7.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds
- World Cancer Research Fund (2007/09)
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- metabolic risk score, cancer risk, body mass index, blood pressure, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer, endometrial cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, rectal cancer, leukemia, oral cancer, bladder cancer, cervical cancer, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Proportional Hazards Models, Metabolic Syndrome
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