Dectin-1–Dependent LC3 Recruitment to Phagosomes Enhances Fungicidal Activity in Macrophages
Open accessAbstract
Autophagy has been postulated to play role in mammalian host defense against fungal pathogens, although the molecular details remain unclear. Here, we show that primary macrophages deficient in the autophagic factor LC3 demonstrate diminished fungicidal activity but increased cytokine production in response to Candida albicans stimulation. LC3 recruitment to fungal phagosomes requires activation of the fungal pattern receptor dectin-1. LC3 recruitment to the phagosome also requires Syk signaling but is independent of all activity by Toll-like receptors and does not require the presence of the adaptor protein Card9. We further demonstrate that reactive oxygen species generation by NADPH oxidase is required for LC3 recruitment to the fungal phagosome. These observations directly link LC3 to the inflammatory pathway against C. albicans in macrophages.
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The role of LAP in immunity against Aspergillus has not been shown for other fungi.
“Of interest, the role of LAP in immunity against Aspergillus (200, 245) has not been shown for other fungi (255–257).”
From Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis in 2019 (2019) · cites this paper as [255]
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- Ma J, Becker C, Lowell CA, Underhill DM. Dectin-1 triggered recruit- ment of LC3 to phagosomes facilitates MHC class II presentation of fungal-derived antigens. J Biol Chem 2012; 41:34149-56.
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“In addition to the direct effect on fungicidal functions, LAP impairment altersmacrophage antifungal cytokine response (20, 22), indicating the involvement of LAP in inflammation modulation.”
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Fahie, K., & Zachara, N. E. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2016.06.011 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Beclin 1 and p62/sequestosome-1 were also localized at phagocytic vacuoles during Dectin 1-induced phagocytosis [95].”
BackgroundImmune cells fold and damage fungal hyphae
Bain, J. M., Alonso, M. F., Childers, D. S., Walls, C. A., Mackenzie, K. S., Pradhan, A., Lewis, L. E., Louw, J., Avelar, G. M., Larcombe, D. E., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2020484118 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“This reinforces the view that this PAMP–PRR interaction continues to promote macrophage functionality after phagocytosis (47, 48).”
Wang, Y., Ramos, M., Jefferson, M. A., Zhang, W., Beraza, N., Carding, S. R., Powell, P. P., Stewart, J. P., Mayer, U., & Wileman, T. E. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn3298 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
LC3-associated phagocytosis in microbial pathogenesis
Schille, S. A., Crauwels, P., Bohn, R., Bagola, K., Walther, P., & van Zandbergen, G. (2017) · International Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.10.014 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
More Than Skin Deep: Autophagy Is Vital for Skin Barrier Function
Sil, P., Wong, S., & Martinez, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01376 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Leventhal JS, Ross MJ. LAPping up dead cells to prevent lupus nephritis: a novel role for noncanonical autophagy in autoimmunity.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Interplay of Host Autophagy and Eukaryotic Pathogens
Evans, R. J., Sundaramurthy, V., & Frickel, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2018.00118 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“albicans, LC3 recruitment is observed for both live and heatkilled cells, heat-killed Candida elicit higher LC3 recruitment compared to live at 30 min post infection, however, at 60 min this phenotype is reversed (Tam et al., 2014).”
BackgroundLi, C., Li, C., Lin, J., Zhao, G., Xu, Q., Jiang, N., Wang, Q., Peng, X., Zhu, G., & Jiang, J.-Q. (2020) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.61.2.25 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lamprinaki, D., Beasy, G., Zhekova, A., Wittmann, A., James, S. A., Dicks, J. L., Iwakura, Y., Saijo, S., Wang, X., Chow, C., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01397 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Indeed, consistent with the previous report (20), we found that C.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKumar, V. (2019) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.1080/08830185.2019.1609962 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“(MHC-II) presentation of fungal-derived antigens to CD4þ T cells [217,219].”
BackgroundRoles of Autophagy and Autophagy-Related Proteins in Antifungal Immunity
Kanayama, M., & Shinohara, M. L. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00047 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Canonical and Non-Canonical Autophagy in HIV-1 Replication Cycle
Leymarie, O., Lepont, L., & Berlioz‐Torrent, C. (2017) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v9100270 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Is a Critical Regulator of Neutrophil Responses to Candida Species
Negoro, P. E., Xu, S., Dagher, Z., Hopke, A. R., Reedy, J. L., Feldman, M. B., Khan, N. S., Viens, A. L., Alexander, N. J., Atallah, N. J., et al. (2020) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02043-19 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Reactive oxygen species production was measured as previously described (25).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLC3-Associated Phagocytosis in Bacterial Infection
Yuan, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, S., Yan, M., & Yue, L. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11080863 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
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“albicans hyphae are rarely fully engulfed by nonprofessional phagocytic host cells and do not end up in full enclosed endocytic or autophagic vacuoles.(17,61) This is also in contrast to observations made for some other eukaryotic pathogens.”
ResultEades, C. P., & Armstrong-James, D. P. H. (2018) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1093/mmy/myy136 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
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PKC-δ activation in neutrophils promotes fungal clearance
Li, X., Culleré, X., Nishi, H., Saggu, G., Durand, E., Mansour, M. K., Tam, J. M., Song, X.-Y., Lin, X., Vyas, J. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.4a0915-405r · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“ROS in macrophages drives the autophagic factor LC3 to phagosomes to enhance fungicidal activity [41].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTam, J. M., Reedy, J. L., Lukason, D. P., Kuna, S. G., Acharya, M., Khan, N. S., Negoro, P. E., Xu, S., Ward, R., Feldman, M. B., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801384 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“albicans phagosome, as we have shown previously (50).”
MethodSelf-citationβ-Glucan induces autophagy in dendritic cells and influences T-cell differentiation
Ding, J., Ning, Y., Bai, Y., Xu, X., Sun, X. Y., & Qi, C. (2018) · Medical Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1007/s00430-018-0556-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Host Response to Coccidioides Infection: Fungal Immunity
Diep, A. L., & Hoyer, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.581101 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Specifically, Dectin-1 and TLR2 interactions with Coccidioides facilitates clearance by macrophages by promoting oxide species and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (Viriyakosol et al., 2005; Tam et al., 2014).”
BackgroundThe Role of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Candida albicans Infections
Tam, J. M., Mansour, M. K., Acharya, M., Sokolovska, A., Timmons, A. K., Lacy‐Hulbert, A., & Vyas, J. M. (2016) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens5020034 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The generation of ROS in response to Candida regulates autophagy through a Dectin-1-Syk dependent mechanism [10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAutophagy links antimicrobial activity with antigen presentation in Langerhans cells
Dang, A. T., Teles, R. M. B., Liu, P. T., Choi, A. W., Legaspi, A. J., Sarno, E. N., Ochoa, M. T., Parvatiyar, K., Cheng, G., Gilliet, M. F., et al. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.126955 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationThe C-Type Lectin Receptor Dectin-2 Is a Receptor for Aspergillus fumigatus Galactomannan
Reedy, J. L., Crossen, A. J., Negoro, P. E., Brown, H. E., Ward, R., Vargas-Blanco, D. A., Timmer, K. D., Reardon, C. M., Basham, K. J., Mansour, M. K., et al. (2023) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.03184-22 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, S., Lagos, J., Shumlak, N., Largent, A. D., Lewis, S., Holder, U., Du, S. W., Liu, Y., Hou, B., Acharya, M., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20230774 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…with the identification of NOX2 as a key regulator of LAP (Geng et al., 2022; Huang et al., 2009; Ligeon et al., 2021; Martinez et al., 2015; Tam et al., 2014), we report that LC3 recruitment to early endosomes and subsequent endolysosomal trafficking is reduced in NCF1 -deficient B cells,…”
BackgroundSelf-citationShen, H., Chen, S. M., Liu, W., Zhu, F., He, L. J., Zhang, J. D., Zhang, S. Q., Yan, L., Xu, Z. Q., Xu, G. T., et al. (2015) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00097-15 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“53 Dectin-1, a Syk-coupled CLR expressing on myeloid cells, recognizes β-(1,3)-glucan 54 carbohydrates on various fungi (8-12).”
BackgroundAutophagy and LAP in the Fight against Fungal Infections: Regulation and Therapeutics
Oikonomou, V., Renga, G., LUCA, A. D., Borghi, M., Pariano, M., Puccetti, M., Paolicelli, G., Stincardini, C., Costantini, C., Bartoli, A., et al. (2018) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2018/6195958 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“LAP also occurred in response to Candida albicans depending upon the exposure of enough β-glucan on the cell surface [30].”
BackgroundInfluentialIt takes a village: Phagocytes play a central role in fungal immunity
Feldman, M. B., Vyas, J. M., & Mansour, M. K. (2018) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationAspergillosis and stem cell transplantation: An overview of experimental pathogenesis studies
Al-Bader, N., & Sheppard, D. C. (2016) · Virulence · doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1231278 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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The HIF-1α/LC3-II Axis Impacts Fungal Immunity in Human Macrophages
Friedrich, D., Zapf, D., Lohse, B., Fecher, R. A., Deepe, G. S., & Rupp, J. (2019) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00125-19 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dagher, Z., Xu, S., Negoro, P. E., Khan, N. S., Feldman, M. B., Reedy, J. L., Tam, J. M., Sykes, D. B., & Mansour, M. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01058 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“glabrata given its described contribution to phagolysosomal maturation (22) and autophagy (31).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationPhagocytosis of Candida albicans Inhibits Autophagic Flux in Macrophages
Duan, Z., Chen, Q., Du, L., Tong, J., Xu, S., Zeng, R., Ma, Y., Chen, X., & Li, M. (2018) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2018/4938649 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The finding that β-glucan can increase LC3-II level is in accordance with a previous report [12].”
ResultCrosstalk Between Autophagy and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Antifungal Immunity
Quäschling, T., Friedrich, D., Deepe, G. S., & Rupp, J. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102150 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“albicans induce formation of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) to the phagosome membrane, while there is not enough LC3 recruited to completely cover its surface [47].”
BackgroundCatalytic defense against fungal pathogens using nanozymes
Wu, Q., Zou, S., Wang, Q., Chen, L., Yan, X., & Gao, L. (2021) · Nanotechnology Reviews · doi:10.1515/ntrev-2021-0084 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Chop, M., Ledo, C., Nicolao, M. C., Loos, J. A., Cumino, A. C., & Rodrígues, C. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1334211 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In eukaryotic cells, recognition of b - glucan motifs on the fungal cell wall by dectin-1 induces LC3 recruitment to phagosomes in macrophages (Tam et al., 2014).”
BackgroundLi, D., Bai, C., Zhang, Q., Li, Z., Shao, D., & Li, X. (2019) · The Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s12275-019-8298-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Autophagy as an innate immunity response against pathogens: a Tango dance
Aguilera, M. O., Delgui, L. R., Reggiori, F., Romano, P. S., & Colombo, M. I. (2023) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14788 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“…toll-like receptors (TLR1 – TLR2, the TLR2 – TLR6 and TLR4), immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors, and receptors mediating the clearance of cell corpses such as T cell immunoglobulin-and mucin domain-containing molecule-4 (TIM4), are involved in the recognition of LAPosome cargos [83,91,100,102,104,105].”
BackgroundZajta, E., Csonka, K., Tóth, A., Tiszlavicz, L., Németh, T., Orosz, A., Novák, Á., Csikós, M., Vágvölgyi, C., Mócsai, A., et al. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01608-21 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“albicans in RAW cells (31, 47), our next step was testing if phagosome acidification following the phagocytosis of live C.”
BackgroundFungal Keratitis: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
Suman, S., Kumar, A., Saxena, I., & Kumar, M. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.98411 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Autophagy can regulate IL-1β release in human primary macrophage to resist the fungal infection [50].”
BackgroundHuman intestinal epithelial cells can internalize luminal fungi via LC3-associated phagocytosis
Cohen‐Kedar, S., Barda, E. S., Rabinowitz, K. M., Keizer, D., Abu-Taha, H., Schwartz, S., Kaboub, K., Baram, L., Sadot, E., White, I. D., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142492 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Frontiers in Immunology 10 In professional phagocytes, LAP of fungi enhances pathogen killing (35) (19), cytokine secretion (30)and promotes MHC class II recrui tment to the LAPosome for susta ined ant igen presentation (20).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Carbohydrate Lectin Receptor Dectin-1 Mediates the Immune Response to Exserohilum rostratum
Reedy, J. L., Negoro, P. E., Feliu, M., Lord, A. K., Khan, N. S., Lukason, D. P., Wiederhold, N. P., Tam, J. M., Mansour, M. K., Patterson, T. F., et al. (2016) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00903-16 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6, Dectin-1 / , and MyD88/TRIF / mice were obtained as previously described (78).”
MethodSelf-citationThe roles of autophagy and mitophagy in corneal pathology: current knowledge and future perspectives
Ramachandran, R. A., Sanches, J. M., & Robertson, D. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1064938 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Morita, M., Kajiye, M., Sakurai, C., Kubo, S., Takahashi, M., Kinoshita, D., Hori, N., & Hatsuzawa, K. (2020) · Biology Open · doi:10.1242/bio.051029 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Furthermore, LAP facilitates the maturation and bactericidal activity of phagosomes (Sanjuan et al., 2007; Huang et al., 2009; Tam et al., 2014); however, in some cases LAP rather suppresses the phagosome maturation and enhances the recruitment of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules into phagosom…”
BackgroundA dynamically evolving war between autophagy and pathogenic microorganisms
Zheng, Q., Duan, L., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, S., & Wang, H. (2022) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b2100285 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Studies have found that the Dectin-1/Syk pathway mediates the occurrence of autophagy via ROS pro‐ duction, LC3-lipidation, and so on (Ma et al., 2012; Kyrmizi et al., 2013; Tam et al., 2014), which plays an important role in resisting fungal infection (Smeekens et al.”
BackgroundWhen the Phagosome Gets Leaky: Pore-Forming Toxin-Induced Non-Canonical Autophagy (PINCA)
Herb, M., Gluschko, A., Farid, A., & Krönke, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.834321 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“LAP is induced by various surface receptors found on macrophages (Sanjuan et al., 2007; Ma et al., 2012; Tam et al., 2014; Gluschko et al., 2018; Hayashi et al., 2018) and results in the decoration of phagosomes with microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 (LC3) family proteins, resulting in…”
BackgroundNeutrophil Engulfment in Cancer: Friend or Foe?
Lu, T., & Li, W. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17030384 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Additionally, macrophages utilize LAP to clear Candida albicans in a Dectin-1-dependent manner [126,127].”
Mycobacterial α-glucans hijack dectin-1 to facilitate intracellular bacterial survival
Torigoe, S., Salie, S., Keeton, R. S., Aylan, B., Appelmelk, B. J., Williams, D. L., Lowman, D. W., Sugiki, T., Matsumoto, S., Kawano, A., et al. (2026) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adw0732 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Whereas Dectin-1 can promote LC3B recruitment to fungal phagosomes (36), this receptor also induces activation of mTOR (4–6). mTOR blocks canonical autophagy pathways (37), and inhibition of this enzyme is known to be protective during mycobacterial infection (23).”
Luan, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, Q., Cui, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Peng, X., Zhao, G., & Lin, J. (2024) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.65.8.4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“40 We established the A. fumi-gatus infection model in vitro to verify the mechanism of fungal antigen-induced LAP in FK.”
MethodResultTranscriptomic Changes Predict Metabolic Alterations in LC3 Associated Phagocytosis in Aged Mice
Dhingra, A., Tobias, J. W., Philp, N. J., & Boesze‐Battaglia, K. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076716 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In macrophages and other immune cells, defective LAP leads to increased inflammatory signaling and inflammatory cytokine production [3,99,100].”
BackgroundCastillo-Cruz, J., Palacios-Barreto, S., Mosso-Pani, M. A., Serna-Pérez, A. B., Rodríguez-Tovar, A. V., Serafín‐López, J., Castrejón-Jiménez, N. S., & García‐Pérez, B. E. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107479 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Cui, X., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Journal de Mycologie Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2025.101598 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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“A variety of receptors that activate LAP, such as TLRs and immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors, have been identified [15, 18, 21, 31, 32].”
Wong, S., Upadhyay, S., & Martinez, J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820538-9.00005-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Xenophagy: Autophagy in Direct Pathogen Elimination
Jo, E., Kim, J. K., & Hwang, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30079-5_7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Reyne, E., Arrindell, J., Bestion, E., Mezouar, S., & Desnues, B. (2025) · Autophagy Reports · doi:10.1080/27694127.2025.2475527 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Aspergillosis
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Self-citationLi, D., Wang, L., Zhao, Z., Bai, C., & Li, X. (2023) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2023.09.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dectin-1 (CLEC7A, BGR, CLECSF12)
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Host Autophagy in Antifungal Immunity
Nicola, A. M., Fabricant, S. A., Albuquerque, P., Felipe, M. S. S., & Casadevall, A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802936-7.00019-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
de Oliveira, G. P., de Sousa, H. R., Gorgonha, K. C. D. M., Borges, T. K. D. S., Rangel, K. T., Fabricant, S. A., Gustavo, F. C. K., Friaça, L. F., Neto, A. R., Hurtado, F. A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.10.30.362681 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus has been 220 previously determined[21,22].”
BackgroundVancomycin impairs macrophage fungal killing by disrupting mitochondrial morphology and functionPreprint
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The NADPH oxidase-induced phagosomal environment of neutrophils and other phagocytes
Foote, J. R. (2019) · UCL Discovery (University College London)
LC3-associated phagocytosis in macrophage responses to Paracoccidioides spp.
de Oliveira, G. P., de Sousa, H. R., Gorgonha, K. C. D. M., Tomaz, L. L. M., Borges, T. K. D. S., Rangel, K. T., Fabricant, S. A., Gustafson, F. K., Albuquerque, L. F. F., Neto, A. R., et al. (2026) · Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · doi:10.1590/0074-02760250089
“2) and Table, the replication of previous studies (21) confirms our results.”
Réplication et séquestration du VIH-1 dans les macrophages
Lepont, L. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/40f6be5ez97e5z4043za0cdz0099a87dd935
Vancomycin disrupts mitochondrial morphology and function and impairs macrophage fungal killing
Bojang, E., Sheriff, L., Morris, E., Rouvray, S., Fu, M. S., Wellings, C., Abdissa, K., Stavrou, V., Clark, C., Southam, A. D., et al. (2026) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00580-26
“Previous work found that LC3 is readily recruited to C. albicans -containing phagosomes (14), and LC3-deficient macrophages are impaired in their C. albicans killing capacity and were more inflammatory, indicated by greater production of TNFα and IL-1β when stimulated with C. albicans yeast (25).”
From confrontation to co-adaptation: the dynamic dialogue of Candida albicans and macrophages
Miramón, P., Wilson, H. B., & Lorenz, M. C. (2026) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.00191-22
“Importantly, NOX-derived ROS are required for LC3 recruitment, creating a functional coupling between oxidative burst and LAP-dependent maturation (193).”
- Authors
- Tam, J. M., Mansour, M. K., Khan, N. S., Seward, M., Puranam, S., Tanne, A., Sokolovska, A., Becker, C. E., Acharya, M., Baird, M. A., Choi, A. M. K., Davidson, M. W., Segal, B. H., Lacy-Hulbert, A., Stuart, L. M., Xavier, R. J., & Vyas, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Tisch Cancer Institute (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Benaroya Research Institute (US)
- Florida State University (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tam, Jenny M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-05-19
- Volume
- 210
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1844-1854
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- PMC
- PMC4271056
- OpenAlex
- W2069844386
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 7.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL055330)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI092084, R01AI097519, R01AI079253)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- Dectin-1, LC3, autophagy, macrophages, Candida albicans, phagosome, fungal pathogen defense, Syk signaling, NADPH oxidase, reactive oxygen species, cytokine production, CARD9, Toll-like receptors
- MeSH terms
- Syk Kinase, Dectin-1, Animals, Candida albicans, Cell Line, Fungi, Macrophages, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Models, Biological, Phagosomes, Phosphorylation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Proteoglycans, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6, Reactive Oxygen Species, NADPH Oxidases, Lectins, C-Type, beta-Glucans, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice, CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins, Interleukin-1beta
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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