The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 18 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Environmental surveillance for polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
Open accessAbstract
This article summarizes the status of environmental surveillance (ES) used by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, provides the rationale for ES, gives examples of ES methods and findings, and summarizes how these data are used to achieve poliovirus eradication. ES complements clinical acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance for possible polio cases. ES detects poliovirus circulation in environmental sewage and is used to monitor transmission in communities. If detected, the genetic sequences of polioviruses isolated from ES are compared with those of isolates from clinical cases to evaluate the relationships among viruses. To evaluate poliovirus transmission, ES programs must be developed in a manner that is sensitive, with sufficiently frequent sampling, appropriate isolation methods, and specifically targeted sampling sites in locations at highest risk for poliovirus transmission. After poliovirus ceased to be detected in human cases, ES documented the absence of endemic WPV transmission and detected imported WPV. ES provides valuable information, particularly in high-density populations where AFP surveillance is of poor quality, persistent virus circulation is suspected, or frequent virus reintroduction is perceived. Given the benefits of ES, GPEI plans to continue and expand ES as part of its strategic plan and as a supplement to AFP surveillance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
25 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 18 No basis given · 12 Not checked yet · 1 Own method
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Over time, WPV detection at ES sites has shifted to demonstrate widespread circulation to a more focal distribution of positive sites.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“ES has played a key role in documenting the elimination of WPV from Egypt and India [3, 4].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“In all countries that use ES, both WPV and VDPV isolates are detected from environmental sewage sampling after concentration of so-called grabbed samples, using either the 2-phase method (in Pakistan, Egypt, and Nigeria) or the precipitation method (in India), and virus isolation on permissive cells [1].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In November 2012, an academic research project reported the isolation of WPV3 in ES samples in the Makoko area of Lagos.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both Pakistan and Nigeria, 2 of 3 remaining polio-endemic countries, but also Israel, Egypt, and India, which are now polio free, have used ES as a tool to detect WPV transmission and complement AFP surveillance.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A member of the technical team was tasked to observe the early morning flow of sewage in the main channel and noted that maximum flow of sewage water occurred between 6:00 AM and 7:00 AM.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Polio laboratories have implemented ES programs in several key countries, namely Egypt, Israel, Pakistan, India, and Nigeria.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Besides Kano, the states of Sokoto, Borno, Yobe, Kaduna, and Bauchi have been at higher risk for continued WPV transmission than other northern states.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Pakistan, WPV transmission during 2009–2012 has occurred in conflict-affected and inaccessible areas along the border with Afghanistan.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since implementation of ES in Pakistan in 2009, WPV has been isolated frequently from sewage samples collected from all major sites in Pakistan, even in the absence of confirmed WPV cases detected through AFP surveillance.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 39
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the various methods of waste disposal identified, it was observed that around 60% of population waste is through the open sewage channel, thus making it possible to collect multiple good-quality samples for the purpose of environmental sampling.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, WPV was found in Lahore in the absence of AFP cases, which allowed the program to continue the inclusion of vaccination efforts to stop silent WPV transmission within Lahore and prevent spread throughout the province.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“From 2010 through 2013, WPV transmission has remained endemic in northern Nigerian states, with Kano state in northern Nigeria considered an epicenter of polio in Nigeria [12].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“During this feasibility assessment, it was documented that there were no organized/functioning sewage wastewater disposal/treatment systems in Kano state; however, there were remnants of 5 nonfunctional sewage-pumping stations.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Nigeria, although AFP surveillance targets continue to be met in all states, virological data have indicated that AFP surveillance alone has not been sufficiently sensitive to detect all chains of WPV transmission in a timely manner.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In these countries, ES is undertaken in large population centers and other strategic locations where the risk of poliovirus circulation is highest.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Samples from sites in some areas (eg, Sindh and Punjab provinces) have consistently yielded WPV isolates in the absence of WPV-positive AFP cases from the same area, thereby enabling a focus on preventive action in these areas because of the detected circulation in locations where either no AFP cases have yet occurred or are cases have been underreported.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“WPV type 1 (WPV1) has been found in all except one sampling site of Karachi, while WPV3 was last detected in mid 2010.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Transmission of WPV in 2012 in Nigeria has predominantly involved WPV1, and no WPV3 has been detected in 2013.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Pakistan, ES started in Karachi (Sindh province) and Lahore (Punjab) during 2009 and was extended to the other major cities in all 4 provinces (Quetta, in Balochistan; Multan, Rawalpindi, and Faisalabad, in Punjab; and Peshawar, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), thereby increasing the number of ES sampling sites from 17 in 2011 to 23 in 2012.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After poliovirus ceased to be detected in human cases, ES documented the absence of endemic WPV transmission and detected imported WPV.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In India, sampling of sewage helped to characterize the epidemiology of poliovirus circulation, as previously described [2,4].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of districts affected by WPV has remained largely unchanged from 2009 (17 districts) to 2012 (19 districts), and these districts are located in the northern transmission zone (northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, bordering eastern Afghanistan), and in the southern transmission zone (Balochistan, bordering southern Afghanistan).”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three of these sites (Kofar Dundaye, Kofar Kware, and Rumbukawa) are located in Sokoto North LGA, and 1 site (Tudun Wada) is in Sokoto South LGA. Both of these LGAs are known high-risk areas for poliovirus circulation.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“WPV transmission has been documented in Israel, where the ES system has been used since 1988 as an early warning system to detect imported WPV [5–7].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5]
- Not checked yetcites [6]
- Not checked yetcites [7]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ES detects poliovirus circulation in environmental sewage and is used to monitor transmission in communities.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, in 2012, 2 type 2 VDPVs were isolated in Karachi through ES, which were subsequently genetically linked to circulating VDPV isolates from AFP cases in Balochistan”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Pakistan
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was one major sewage channel, referred to as Jakara, that passes through the city and is the sole drainage system for the identified high-risk LGAs.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although ES in Nigeria is not geographically representative, results are consistent with the serotype distribution in AFP cases, as WPV1 has been more frequently detected than WPV3.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The last detection of WPV1 and WPV3 strains in sewage samples in Delhi occurred in August 2010 and July 2010, respectively (Figure 4).”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A gradual decline in isolation frequency and, finally, complete absence of WPV in sewage samples was observed from 2008 onward.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In 2013 in Israel and the West Bank, a related strain of WPV was detected that triggered vaccination responses. Similarly to Egypt, no WPV-confirmed AFP cases were detected [5–7].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > WPV Transmission in Egypt and Israel
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5]
- Not checked yetcites [6]
- Not checked yetcites [7]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Systematic ES for poliovirus circulation has been conducted in Egypt since 2000, during which surveillance has revealed (1) WPVs in sewage, 1 year after cessation of detection in AFP cases in 2004; (2) 4 independent importations of WPV; and (3) several VDPVs, which have been detected in various locations.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > WPV Transmission in Egypt and Israel
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, some countries at high risk of importation and recent outbreaks include Kenya, Somalia, and those bordering Nigeria in West and Central Africa.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES EXPANSION AND ASSESSMENT OF SITES
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in late 2013 through early 2014, WPV related to the virus circulating in Israel, the West Bank, and Egypt was detected in AFP cases in Syria (36 cases) and subsequently in Iraq (1 case), thereby leading to further outbreak response efforts throughout these and neighboring Middle Eastern countries.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > WPV Transmission in Egypt and Israel
plaindirectn = 36- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the findings of ES identified type 2 VDPVs, indicating the existence of population groups with profound immunity gaps to type 2 poliovirus who are excreting the virus in the environment.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Mumbai, the last WPV1 strain was detected in sewage samples in November 2010, and the last WPV3 strain was recovered in December 2009 (Figure 4).”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No WPV transmission was detected in ES samples from these 2 sites; however, VDPVs were isolated.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Egypt in December 2012, WPV1 was isolated from 2 environmental sites in Cairo, although no WPV-confirmed AFP cases were detected, and no additional samples collected subsequently were found to be positive following enhanced sampling and immunization response activities.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > WPV Transmission in Egypt and Israel
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“such strains, although rare, arise from multiple genetic reversions and sustained transmission over time of the attenuated polioviruses found in oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), especially in areas with suboptimal vaccine coverage [8].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To evaluate poliovirus transmission, ES programs must be developed in a manner that is sensitive, with sufficiently frequent sampling, appropriate isolation methods, and specifically targeted sampling sites in locations at highest risk for poliovirus transmission.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The examination of stool samples from patients identified through AFP surveillance and subsequent isolation of poliovirus from the stool permits a focused investigation of polio cases and forms the basis for further investigations of the community-level risk of poliovirus transmission [10].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > RATIONALE FOR ES
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ES provides valuable information, particularly in high-density populations where AFP surveillance is of poor quality, persistent virus circulation is suspected, or frequent virus reintroduction is perceived.”
- Also stated in: § RATIONALE FOR ES · plain
“ES can provide valuable information, particularly in high-density urban populations where AFP surveillance is absent or of poor quality, persistent virus circulation is suspected, or frequent virus reintroduction is perceived.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Infected people excrete poliovirus in feces for up to several weeks regardless of whether they have symptoms.
- Rests on an assumption: Many excreted poliovirus particles remain infectious in the environment for varying periods depending on wastewater conditions.
- Rests on an assumption: Testing composite human fecal samples through environmental surveillance links poliovirus isolates from unknown individuals to the populations served by the sewage or wastewater system.
- Also stated in: § RATIONALE FOR ES · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Surveillance of VDPV emergence and monitoring of cessation of vaccine virus circulation is of high importance during the eradication endgame.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > SUMMARY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ES showed that large metropolitan areas are constantly at risk of reintroduction of WPVs from all poliovirus-endemic sites in the country and may also serve to redistribute the viruses, as large numbers of people from all over the country travel to these cities regularly for various purposes, including employment and tourism.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Resource requirements for sample collection and laboratory isolation may require a balanced investment in ES versus case-based AFP surveillance.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > SUMMARY
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, ES has been a valuable tool within polio-endemic countries during current eradication efforts, as well as a method to potentially provide early detection of new importations or VDPV transmission.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > SUMMARY
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, ES helped to detect poliovirus in the final stages of eradication, with poliovirus no longer considered to be endemic in India in 2012, and continues to provide important information documenting the absence of WPVs in sewage, in conjunction with the absence of ongoing WPV cases detected through AFP surveillance.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The detection of so-called orphan viruses (defined as polioviruses in which nucleotides at ≥1.5% of positions differ from those of known poliovirus) in ES indicates undetected poliovirus transmission, thus supporting the need to improve surveillance sensitivity.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > Nigeria
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As described here, the ES complements AFP surveillance, allowing linkages to characterize continued circulation and identify remaining WPV reservoirs.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > SUMMARY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both ES and AFP case-based surveillance have proven to be useful and informative tools to guide the final stage of polio eradication efforts.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > SUMMARY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“As the goal of global eradication approaches, the potential expansion of ES may increase the sensitivity of overall poliovirus detection in the final reservoirs of WPV and help document eradication [6].”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > SUMMARY
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6]
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although genetic sequencing may allow the ability to trace the origin of polioviruses to other circulating polioviruses with similar sequences, the inability to link environmental samples with infected persons may limit the ability to elucidate epidemiological linkages and to appropriately target vaccination strategies.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > SUMMARY
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Infected people excrete poliovirus in feces for up to several weeks regardless of whether they have symptoms.
“Infected individuals excrete poliovirus in feces for periods of up to several weeks, whether or not they are symptomatic.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many excreted poliovirus particles remain infectious in the environment for varying periods depending on wastewater conditions.
“Large numbers of excreted poliovirus particles remain infectious in the environment for varying durations, depending on the immediate conditions of the wastewater.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Testing composite human fecal samples through environmental surveillance links poliovirus isolates from unknown individuals to the populations served by the sewage or wastewater system.
“the examination of composite human fecal samples through ES links poliovirus isolates from unknown individuals to populations served by the sewage or wastewater system.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Because paralysis occurs in <1% of poliovirus infections, environmental surveillance can detect poliovirus circulation even in the absence of confirmed paralytic polio cases (6).”
From Surveillance to track progress toward polio eradication—worldwide, 2020–2021. (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
“WPV1 and WPV3 were isolated from sewage samples from 2001 until 2009.”
§ Environmental Surveillance for Polioviruses in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative > ES PROGRAMS > India
“In Mumbai, the last WPV1 strain was detected in sewage samples in November 2010, and the last WPV3 strain was recovered in December 2009 (Figure 4).”
Citations
Cites
VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUSES AND THE ENDGAME STRATEGY FOR GLOBAL POLIO ERADICATION
Kew, O. M., Sutter, R. W., de Gourville, E. M., Dowdle, W. R., & Pallansch, M. A. (2005) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123625 · Cited by 703
Role of environmental poliovirus surveillance in global polio eradication and beyond
HOVI, T., SHULMAN, L. M., VAN DER AVOORT, H., DESHPANDE, J., ROIVAINEN, M., & DE GOURVILLE, E. M. (2012) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s095026881000316x · Cited by 318
Self-citationInsidious reintroduction of wild poliovirus into Israel, 2013
Anis, E., Kopel, E., Singer, S. R., Kaliner, E., Moerman, L., Moran-Gilad, J., Sofer, D., Manor, Y., Shulman, L. M., Mendelson, E., et al. (2013) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2013.18.38.20586 · Cited by 162
Environmental Surveillance System To Track Wild Poliovirus Transmission
Deshpande, J. M., Shetty, S. J., & Siddiqui, Z. A. (2003) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.69.5.2919-2927.2003 · Cited by 119
Self-citationManor, Y., Shulman, L. M., Kaliner, E., Hindiyeh, M. Y., Ram, D., Sofer, D., Moran‐Gilad, J., Lev, B., Grotto, I., Gamzu, R., et al. (2014) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.7.20708 · Cited by 87
Shulman, L. M., Gavrilin, E., Jorba, J. C., Martín, J. E.-S., Burns, C. C., Manor, Y., Moran‐Gilad, J., Sofer, D., Hindiyeh, M. Y., Gamzu, R., et al. (2014) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.7.20709 · Cited by 80
Self-citationProlonged Detection of Indigenous Wild Polioviruses in Sewage from Communities in Egypt
El Bassioni, L. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg202 · Cited by 70 · cited 14×
“In India, sampling of sewage helped to characterize the epidemiology of poliovirus circulation in settings in which vaccination coverage was high yet paralytic polio cases continued to occur.”
BackgroundInfluentialProgress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Nigeria, January 2012–September 2013
Etsano, A., Shuaib, F. M. B., Mkanda, P., Banda, R., Korir, C., Corkum, M., Ndiaye, S. M., Ashenafi, S., Mahoney, F. J., Vertefeuille, J. F., et al. (2013) · PubMed Central · Cited by 29
Self-citationProgress toward poliomyelitis eradication - Nigeria, January 2012-September 2013.
(2013) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 1998, Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, 73, 113
- 2013, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 62, 1009
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 427
Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication-Worldwide, 2019–2020
Tuma, J. N., Wilkinson, A. L., Diop, O. M., Jorba, J., Gardner, T., Snider, C. J., Anand, A., & Ahmed, J. (2021) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7018a2 · Cited by 30
Self-citationDiop, O. M., Asghar, H., Gavrilin, E., Gumede, N., Rey-Benito, G. J., Paladin, F. J., Pattamadilok, S., Zhang, Y., Goel, A., & Quddus, A. (2017) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6620a4 · Cited by 31
Self-citationColenutt, C., Brown, E., Nelson, N., Wadsworth, J., Maud, J., Adhikari, B., Kafle, S. C., Upadhyaya, M., Pandey, S. K., Paton, D. J., et al. (2018) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00686-18 · Cited by 30
Tlhagale, M., Liphadzi, S., Bhagwan, J., Naidoo, V., Jonas, K., van Vuuren, L., Medema, G. J., Andrews, L. M., Béen, F. M., Lousada-Ferreira, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2022.185 · Cited by 31
Scott, G. A. M., Evens, N. P., Porter, J., & Walker, D. I. (2023) · Food and Environmental Virology · doi:10.1007/s12560-022-09542-z · Cited by 30
Shrestha, S., Malla, B., Angga, M. S., Sthapit, N., Raya, S., Hirai, S., Rahmani, A. F., Thakali, O., & Haramoto, E. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165270 · Cited by 31
Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2016–2017
Gardner, T. J., Diop, O. M., Jorba, J. C., Chavan, S. S., Ahmed, J., & Anand, A. (2018) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6714a3 · Cited by 31
Self-citationIglesias, N. G., Gebhard, L. G., Carballeda, J. M., Aiello, I., Recalde, E., Terny, G., Ambrosolio, S., L’Arco, G., Konfino, J., & Brardinelli, J. I. (2021) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.26633/rpsp.2021.137 · Cited by 29
Larsen, D. A., Collins, M. B., Du, Q., Hill, D., Insaf, T. Z., Kilaru, P., Kmush, B. L., Middleton, F. A., Stamm, A., Wilder, M. L., et al. (2022) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac001 · Cited by 29
Godinez, A., Hill, D., Dandaraw, B., Green, H., Kilaru, P., Middleton, F. A., Run, S., Kmush, B. L., & Larsen, D. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084851 · Cited by 29
Grube, A., Coleman, C. K., LaMontagne, C. D., Miller, M. E., Kothegal, N., Holcomb, D., Blackwood, A. D., Clerkin, T. J., Serre, M. L., Engel, L. S., et al. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159996 · Cited by 30
Wastewater Genomic Surveillance Captures Early Detection of Omicron in Utah
Gupta, P., Liao, S., Ezekiel, M., Novak, N., Rossi, A., LaCross, N. C., Oakeson, K. F., & Rohrwasser, A. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00391-23 · Cited by 30
Carwash wastewater treatment using the chemical processes
Kashi, G., Younesi, S., Heidary, A., Akbarishahabi, Z., Kavianpour, B., & Kalantary, R. R. (2021) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2021.206 · Cited by 28
Kopperi, H., Tharak, A., Hemalatha, M., Kiran, U., V, Gokulan, C. G., Mishra, R. K., & Mohan, S. V. (2021) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2021.101696 · Cited by 28
Model training periods impact estimation of COVID-19 incidence from wastewater viral loads
Daza–Torres, M. L., Montesinos-López, J. C., Kim, M., Olson, R., Bess, C. W., Rueda, L., Susa, M., Tucker, L., García, Y. E., Schmidt, A. J., et al. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159680 · Cited by 29
Emergency preparedness for public health threats, surveillance, modelling & forecasting
Bedi, J. S., Vijay, D., Dhaka, P., Gill, J. P. S., & Barbuddhe, S. B. (2021) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_653_21 · Cited by 30
Barbosa, M. R. F., Garcia, S. C., Bruni, A. D. C., Machado, F. S., de Oliveira, R. X., Dropa, M., da Costa, A. C., Leal, E. D. S., Brandão, C. J., Silva, R. L. O., et al. (2022) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2022.210 · Cited by 27
Erster, O., Bar-Or, I., Levy, V., Steuerman, R. S., Sofer, D., Weiss, L., Vasserman, R., Fratty, I. S., Kestin, K., Elul, M., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14051010 · Cited by 27
Zahmatkesh, S., Sillanpää, M. E. T., Rezakhani, Y., & Wang, C. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100140 · Cited by 28
Wang, Y., Moe, C. L., Dutta, S., Wadhwa, A., Kanungo, S., Mairinger, W., Zhao, Y., Jiang, Y., & Teunis, P. F. M. (2020) · Epidemics · doi:10.1016/j.epidem.2020.100391 · Cited by 25
Knowledge System Analysis on Emergency Management of Public Health Emergencies
Yang, R., Du, G., Duan, Z., Du, M., Miao, X., & Tang, Y. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12114410 · Cited by 29
SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater treatment plant, collection network, and hospital wastewater
Karami, C., Dargahi, A., Vosoughi, M., Normohammadi, A., Jeddi, F., Asghariazar, V., Mokhtari, A., Sedigh, A., Zandian, H., & Alighadri, M. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15374-4 · Cited by 26
Javvadi, Y., & Mohan, S. V. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161419 · Cited by 26
Daleiden, B., Niederstätter, H., Steinlechner, M., Wildt, S., Kaiser, M., Lass‐Flörl, C., Posch, W., Fuchs, S., Pfeifer, B. E., Huber, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2022.218 · Cited by 25
A spatio-temporal framework for modelling wastewater concentration during the COVID-19 pandemic
Li, G., Denise, H., Diggle, P. J., Grimsley, J. M. S., Holmes, C. C., James, D., Jersakova, R., Mole, C. D., Nicholson, G., Smith, C. R., et al. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107765 · Cited by 24
COVID-19 Crisis Creates Opportunity towards Global Monitoring & Surveillance
Donia, A., Hassan, S.-U., Zhang, X., Al-Madboly, L. A., & Bokhari, H. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10030256 · Cited by 24
Srivastava, V., Gupta, S., Patel, A. K., Joshi, M. N., & Kumar, M. (2021) · Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100115 · Cited by 24
Rainey, A. L., Loeb, J. C., Robinson, S. E., Lednicky, J. A., McPherson, J., Colson, S., Allen, M. J., Coker, E. S., Sabo‐Attwood, T., Maurelli, A. T., et al. (2021) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112496 · Cited by 24
Bitter, L. C., Kibbee, R. J., Jiménez, G. C., & Örmeci, B. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00060 · Cited by 24
Mahon, J. M., Monleon, A. J. C., Gill, L. W., O’Sullivan, J., & Meijer, W. G. (2022) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2022.278 · Cited by 24
Dynamics affecting the risk of silent circulation when oral polio vaccination is stopped
Koopman, J. S., Henry, C. J., Park, J. H., Eisenberg, M. C., Ionides, E. L., & Eisenberg, J. N. S. (2017) · Epidemics · doi:10.1016/j.epidem.2017.02.013 · Cited by 25
Zhou, N. A., Fagnant-Sperati, C. S., Komen, E., Mwangi, B., Mukubi, J., Nyangao, J., Hassan, J., Chepkurui, A., Maina, C., van Zyl, W. B., et al. (2019) · Food and Environmental Virology · doi:10.1007/s12560-019-09412-1 · Cited by 22
Self-citationLessons from the elimination of poliomyelitis in Africa
Abdulaziz, M., Tomori, O., & Nkengasong, J. N. (2021) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00640-w · Cited by 23
Grijalva, L. M. M., Brown, B., Cauble, A., & Tarpeh, W. A. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00061 · Cited by 23
Comparing Recovery Methods for Wastewater Surveillance of Arthropod-Borne and Enveloped Viruses
Chandra, F., Armas, F., Kwok, W. C., Chen, H., Chua, F. J. D., Leifels, M., Amir-Hamzah, N., Gu, X., Wuertz, S., Lee, W. L., et al. (2023) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00460 · Cited by 23
Shirreff, G., Wadood, M. Z., Vaz, R. G., Sutter, R. W., & Grassly, N. C. (2016) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2302.161210 · Cited by 24
SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance in low-income countries: potential and challenges
de Araújo, J. C., Gavazza, S., Leão, T. L., Florêncio, L., da Silva, H. P., Albuquerque, J. D. O., Borges, M. A. D. L., Alves, R. B. D. O., Rodrigues, R. H. A., & dos Santos, E. B. (2020) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2020.168 · Cited by 23
Yaqub, T., Nawaz, M., Shabbir, M. Z., Ali, M. A., Altaf, I., Raza, S., Shabbir, M. A. B., Ashraf, M. A., Aziz, S. Z., Cheema, S. Q., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.31.20165126 · Cited by 23
Harris-Lovett, S., Nelson, K. L., Beamer, P. I., Bischel, H. N., Bivins, A. W., Bruder, A., Butler, C. S., Camenisch, T. D., Long, S. K. D., Karthikeyan, S., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.02.01.21250952 · Cited by 23
Al-Mustapha, A. I., Tiwari, A., Laukkanen‐Ninios, R., Lehto, K., Oikarinen, S., Lipponen, A., Pitkänen, T., Heikinheimo, A., WastPan Study Group, Heljanko, V., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91516-9 · Cited by 22
Manyanga, D. P., Byabamazima, C. R., Masvikeni, B., & Daniel, F. (2020) · Pan African Medical Journal · doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.71.23173 · Cited by 22
Environmental Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Groundwater in Quintana Roo, Mexico
Rosiles‐González, G., Carrillo-Jovel, V. H., Alzate‐Gaviria, L., Betancourt, W. Q., Gerba, C. P., Moreno-Valenzuela, O. A., Tapia‐Tussell, R., & Hernández‐Zepeda, C. (2021) · Food and Environmental Virology · doi:10.1007/s12560-021-09492-y · Cited by 22
Eaton, C. J., Coxon, S., Pattis, I., Chappell, A., Hewitt, J., & Gilpin, B. (2022) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp11115 · Cited by 22
Girón‐Guzmán, I., Díaz‐Reolid, A., Cuevas‐Ferrando, E., Falcó, I., Cano-Jiménez, P., Comas, I., Pérez‐Cataluña, A., & Sánchez, G. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160914 · Cited by 25
Early detection of local SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks by wastewater surveillance: a feasibility study
Nauta, M. J., McManus, O., Franck, K. T., Marving, E. L., Rasmussen, L. D., Richter, S. R., & Ethelberg, S. (2023) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268823000146 · Cited by 22
Chigwechokha, P. K., Nyirenda, R. L., Dalitsani, D., Namaumbo, R. L., Kazembe, Y., Smith, T., & Holm, R. H. (2024) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-023-00632-z · Cited by 23
Mertens, A., Arnold, B. F., Benjamin‐Chung, J., Boehm, A. B. B., Brown, J. M., Capone, D., Clasen, T., Fuhrmeister, E. R., Grembi, J. A., Holcomb, D., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00028-1 · Cited by 46
Zhou, N. A., Tharpe, C., Meschke, J. S., & Ferguson, C. M. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144852 · Cited by 22
Pons-Salort, M., Molodecky, N. A., O’Reilly, K. M., Wadood, M. Z., Safdar, R. M., Etsano, A., Vaz, R. G., Jafari, H. S., Grassly, N. C., & Blake, I. M. (2016) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002140 · Cited by 22
Cuadros, D. F., Chen, X., Li, J., Omori, R., & Musuka, G. (2024) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens13080685 · Cited by 27
Epidemiology of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks between 2016 and 2020
Macklin, G., Goel, A. K., Mach, O., Tallis, G. F., Ahmed, J., O’Reilly, K. M., Grassly, N. C., & Diop, O. M. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.08.008 · Cited by 21
Self-citationRelationship between SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and clinical data from five wastewater sheds
Wartell, B. A., Ballare, S., Ghandehari, S. S., Arcellana, P. D., Proano, C. A., Kaya, D., Niemeier, D., & Kjellerup, B. V. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100159 · Cited by 21
Fu, S., He, F., Wang, R., Song, W., Wang, Q., Xia, W., & Qiu, Z. G. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159357 · Cited by 21
Wastewater surveillance could serve as a pandemic early warning system for COVID ‐19 and beyond
Gahlot, P., Alley, K. D., Arora, S., Das, S., Nag, A., & Tyagi, V. K. (2023) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1650 · Cited by 23
Tharak, A., Kopperi, H., Hemalatha, M., Kiran, U., V, Gokulan, C. G., Moharir, S. C., Mishra, R. K., & Mohan, S. V. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052697 · Cited by 21
Preparing for Emerging Zoonotic Viruses
Sikkema, R. S., & Koopmans, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814515-9.00150-8 · Cited by 21
Kumar, M., Kuroda, K., Barceló, ., & Furumai, H. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152282 · Cited by 21
Results from the SARS-CoV-2 wastewater-based surveillance system in Denmark, July 2021 to June 2022
Krogsgaard, L. W., Benedetti, G., Gudde, A., Richter, S. R., Rasmussen, L. D., Midgley, S., Qvesel, A. G., Nauta, M. J., Bahrenscheer, N. S., von Kappelgaard, L. M., et al. (2024) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2024.121223 · Cited by 20
Sutter, R. W., Kew, O. M., Cochi, S. L., & Aylward, R. B. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35761-6.00048-1 · Cited by 22
A erradicação da poliomielite em quatro tempos
Verani, J. F. D. S., & Laender, F. (2020) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00145720 · Cited by 40
Zhou, N. A., Fagnant-Sperati, C. S., Shirai, J. H., Sharif, S., Zaidi, S., Rehman, L., Hussain, J., Agha, R. D., Shaukat, S., Alam, M., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200551 · Cited by 19
Self-citationThe importance of enterovirus surveillance in a Post-polio world
Holm-Hansen, C. C., Midgley, S., Schjørring, S., & Fischer, T. K. (2017) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2017.02.010 · Cited by 19
Indirect exposure to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of current knowledge
Enyoh, C. E., Verla, A. W., Qingyue, W., Yadav, D. K., Chowdhury, M. A. H., Isiuku, B. O., Chowdhury, T., Ibe, F. C., Verla, E. N., & Maduka, T. O. (2020) · Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium · doi:10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i1.227 · Cited by 19
Frequency and degradation of SARS-CoV-2 markers N1, N2, and E in sewage
Hart, J. J., Jamison, M. N., McNair, J. N., & Szlag, D. C. (2023) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2023.314 · Cited by 18
Masindi, V., Foteinis, S., Nduli, K., & Akinwekomi, V. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149298 · Cited by 18
Steenbeek, R., Timmers, P. H. A., van der Linde, D., Hup, K., Hornstra, L. M., & Béen, F. M. (2022) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2022.021 · Cited by 17
Accounting for Dilution of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Samples Using Physico-Chemical Markers
Wilde, H., Perry, W. B., Jones, O. D., Kille, P., Weightman, A. J., Jones, D. L., Cross, G. S., & Durance, I. (2022) · Water · doi:10.3390/w14182885 · Cited by 17
Applying targeted gene hybridization capture to viruses with a focus to SARS-CoV-2
Ceballos-Garzón, A., Comtet-Marre, S., & Peyret, P. (2023) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199293 · Cited by 17
Enterovirus Species B Bias of RD Cell Line and Its Influence on Enterovirus Diversity Landscape
Faleye, T. O. C., & Adeniji, J. A. (2015) · Food and Environmental Virology · doi:10.1007/s12560-015-9215-3 · Cited by 18
Garg, A., Pattamadilok, S., & Bahl, S. K. (2018) · WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health · doi:10.4103/2224-3151.239424 · Cited by 17
Liu, L., Hu, J., Hou, Y., Tao, Z., Chen, Z., & Chen, K. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143283 · Cited by 17
Bayati, M., Hsieh, H., Hsu, S.-Y., Li, C., Rogers, E. R., Belenchia, A. M., Zemmer, S. A., Blanc, T., LePage, C., Klutts, J., et al. (2022) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2022.118824 · Cited by 17
Steele, J. A., Zimmer-Faust, A. G., Griffith, J. F., & Weisberg, S. B. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.06.16.21259063 · Cited by 17
van der Drift, A.-M. R., Welling, A., Arntzen, V. H., Nagelkerke, E., van der Beek, R. F. H. J., & Husman, A. M. D. R. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179982 · Cited by 16
A hands-free stool sampling system for monitoring intestinal health and disease
Grego, S., Welling, C. M., Miller, G. H., Coggan, P. F., Sellgren, K. L., Hawkins, B. T., Ginsburg, G. S., Ruiz, J. R., Fisher, D. A., & Stoner, B. R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14803-9 · Cited by 16
Hyllestad, S., Myrmel, M., Baz‐Lomba, J. A., Jordhøy, F., Kjørsvik, S. S., & Amato, E. (2022) · Journal of Water and Health · doi:10.2166/wh.2022.115 · Cited by 16
SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewage samples
Sharma, D. K., Nalavade, U. P., Kalgutkar, K., Gupta, N., & Deshpande, J. M. (2020) · The Indian Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_3541_20 · Cited by 16
Self-citationHoar, C., Li, Y., & Silverman, A. I. (2022) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.2c00052 · Cited by 15
Wastewater Surveillance in Europe for Non-Polio Enteroviruses and Beyond
Bubba, L., Benschop, K., Blomqvist, S., Duizer, E., Martín, J. E.-S., Shaw, A., Bailly, J., Rasmussen, L. D., Băicuş, A., Fischer, T. K., et al. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11102496 · Cited by 15
Fanok, S., Monis, P., Keegan, A., & King, B. J. (2023) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1093/jambio/lxad275 · Cited by 15
Sievers, B. L., Siegers, J. Y., Cadènes, J. M., Hyder, S., Sparaciari, F. E., Claes, F. F., Firth, C., Horwood, P. F., & Karlsson, E. A. (2024) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01683-23 · Cited by 15
Kennedy‐Shaffer, L., Baym, M., & Hanage, W. P. (2021) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00004-5 · Cited by 15
Padilla-Reyes, D. A., Álvarez, M. M., Mora, A., Cervantes-Aviles, P. A., Kumar, M., Loge, F. J., & Mahlknecht, J. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.112967 · Cited by 15
Akingbola, S., Fernandes, R., Borden, S., Gilbride, K. A., Oswald, C. J., Straus, S. E., Tehrani, A., Thomas, J. L., & Stuart, R. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/s41997-022-00696-8 · Cited by 15
The Public Health Legacy of Polio Eradication in Africa
Craig, A. S., Haydarov, R., O’Malley, H., Galway, M., Dao, H., Ngongo, N., Baranyikwa, M. T., Naqvi, S., Abid, N. S., Pandak, C., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jix034 · Cited by 15
Long-Term Wastewater Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2: One-Year Study in Brazil
Martins, R. M., Carvalho, T., Bittar, C., de Quevedo, D. M., Miceli, R. N., Nogueira, M. L., Ferreira, H. L., da Costa, P. I., Araújo, J. P., Spilki, F. R., et al. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14112333 · Cited by 14
Hooda, Y., Islam, S., Kabiraj, R., Rahman, H., Sarkar, H., da Silva, K. E., Raju, R. S., Luby, S. P., Andrews, J. R., Saha, S. K., et al. (2024) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011822 · Cited by 14
Paracchini, V., Petrillo, M., Rajashekar, A. A., Robuch, P., Vincent, U., Corbisier, P., Tavazzi, S., Raffael, B., Suffredini, E., Rosa, G. L., et al. (2024) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-024-00641-5 · Cited by 14
Polio eradication: next steps and future challenges
Zambon, M. C. F. A., & Martín, J. E.-S. (2018) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.47.1800625 · Cited by 14
Microscopic Observation of SARS-Like Particles in RT-qPCR SARS-CoV-2 Positive Sewage Samples
Belhaouari, D. B., Wurtz, N., Grimaldier, C., Lacoste, A., de Souza, G. A. P., Penant, G., Hannat, S., Baudoin, J., & Scola, B. L. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10050516 · Cited by 14
Kim, K., Ban, M. J., Kim, S., Park, M., Stenstrom, M. K., & Kang, J. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115806 · Cited by 14
Peng, K. K., Renouf, E. M., Dean, C. B., Hu, X. J., Delatolla, R., & Manuel, D. G. (2023) · Infectious Disease Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.idm.2023.05.011 · Cited by 14
Akhtar, R., Mahmood, N., Alam, M. M., Naeem, M., Zaidi, S. S. Z., Sharif, S., Khattak, Z., Arshad, Y., Khurshid, A., Mujtaba, G., et al. (2019) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciz1037 · Cited by 14
Self-citationWastewater catchment areas in Great BritainPreprint
Hoffmann, T., Bunney, S., Kasprzyk‐Hordern, B., & Singer, A. C. (2022) · doi:10.1002/essoar.10510612.2 · Cited by 14
Persistence of poliovirus types 2 and 3 in waste-impacted water and sediment
Kline, A., Dean, K., Kossik, A. L., Harrison, J. C., Januch, J. D., Beck, N. K., Zhou, N. A., Shirai, J. H., Boyle, D. S., Mitchell, J., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262761 · Cited by 13
SARS-CoV-2 as Enteric Virus in Wastewater: Which Risk on the Environment and Human Behavior?
Sbaoui, Y., Bennis, F., & Chegdani, F. (2021) · Microbiology Insights · doi:10.1177/1178636121999673 · Cited by 13
SARS-CoV-2: fate in water environments and sewage surveillance as an early warning system
Panchal, D., Tripathy, P., Prakash, O., Sharma, A., & Pal, S. (2021) · Water Science & Technology · doi:10.2166/wst.2021.146 · Cited by 13
Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015
Habib, K. R. (2017) · International Journal of Immunology · doi:10.11648/j.iji.20170501.13 · Cited by 14
Wastewater surveillance facilitates climate change–resilient pathogen monitoring
Diamond, M. B., Yee, E., Bhinge, M., & Scarpino, S. V. (2023) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adi7831 · Cited by 12
Holm, R. H., Nyirenda, R. L., Smith, T., & Chigwechokha, P. K. (2023) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013307 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Asghar, H., Diop, O. M., Weldegebriel, G., Malik, F., Shetty, S., El Bassioni, L., Akande, A. O., Al Maamoun, E., Zaidi, S., Adeniji, A. J., Burns, C. C., Deshpande, J., Oberste, M. S., & Lowther, S. A.
- Affiliations
- World Health Organization (CH)
- University of Ibadan (NG)
- National Institute of Health (PK)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-10-14
- Volume
- 210
- Issue
- suppl 1
- Pages
- S294-S303
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- PMC
- PMC10578309
- OpenAlex
- W2053989303
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 6.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- environmental surveillance, poliovirus, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, wastewater surveillance, acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, wild poliovirus, polio eradication
- MeSH terms
- Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Poliomyelitis, Sewage, Poliovirus, Disease Eradication, Epidemiological Monitoring
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
